Advantages and Disadvantages of a Large Family Essay

1. Ad and disad of large family A bigger family gets the advantage of children that are never lonely and have had to share and make friends easily. Big families often have more fun and an excuse to get out more. Children from a big family appreciate their siblings when they are older more then they would when they are younger. However a big family gets the disadvantage of less attention. This might make them frustrated or upset. Siblings don’t always get along aswell! It can be a pain trying to bring your family down to the shop, cinema and especially a fancy restaurant! At the end of the day it’s all up to you. If your a loud bubbly person who loves fun and laughter then a big family is for you. see more:small family advantages and disadvantages If you like the quiet life and like going out with your friends and spending as much time as possible with your children a smaller family is for you. If your a bit of both then maybe three children would be just right! Living in a small family might give you the opportunity to be successful since you will be supported BOTH financially and emotionally more, providing that you make good use of your chance UNIQUENESS. Conversely, in a big family you might not receive financially FINANCIAL OR EMOTIONAL and emotionally support enough. This difficulty might lead someone to commit crimeS, ALTHOUGH THAT WOULD BE a feeble excuse in my book FOR DOING SO. From personal QUOTING FROM THE experienceS of a friend of mine, growing up in a family of ELEVEN children ALL living in a large family was a very unpleasant experience. He felt lost in the crowd AND suffered low self esteem from RECEIVING constant criticism from his siblings. He told me there WAS no privacy in his life(.) he can taste. He believes the benefits of a small family outweigh the disadvantages. Read more:  Disadvantages of Population Growth On account of the faCt that s Some parents who have ONLY one child often spoil him/her rotten in order to provide a comfortable life for him/her(,) which has an adverse effect on their CHILD’S future. Coming from a small family has its disadvantages as well as advantages. From A psychological viewpoint, parents have to encourage a sense of responsibility in their children since children should learn to take responsibility for their own lives(.) in the near future. A spoiled child will not be an autonomous person who is able to tackle the upcoming problems in his/her life. In addition, the adolescents who are dependAnt on their parents emotionally and financially in any case will not be capable of thinking rationally and make NOR HAVE THE ABILITY TO MAKE rational decisions. From my point of view, in some case, a strict upbringing will work BETTER IN HELPING children to learn something. I think it is not advisable to raise large families which is something of an anachronism these days. Times have changed, therefore, our attitudes HAVE ALSO TO CHANGE.to be changed. All children are entitled to have a comfortable life, HAVE access to higher education and TO BE FED well. From A psychologistS vantage point, deprived children tend to do less well at school so how can they continue their education. Moreover, when parents raise a large family and are unable to discipline them, their children will become noisy AND argumentative. There are some pluses to living in a big family that SHOULD BE taken into consideration. The significant merit of living in a big family is that you can learn from other family members of yours and they support and guide you whenever you HAVE THE need. Sometimes you make a small mistake and you DO NOT dare to tell your parents(,) but you can tell your siblings(,) because they are more comfortable-to-be-with compared with parents. On the other hand, t The interests of ALL children are different(,) and life would be one of variety(,) THEREFORE it would be a happy life as variety is the spice of life. Children can learn A lot of social skills in their earlier YEARS(,) and they will have the feeling of responsibility in addition to more love and affection. will be there in between family members. A child who has several brotherS and sisterS rarely lacks company. I suppose the advantages of being a member of a large family are far too numerous to mention. Take my life for example which can illustrate the point. We are a family of four and I have only a kid sister who is married(,) and I consult with her whenever I need to. I WOULD rather LIVE in a SMALLER family with A moderate NUMBER of family members. I like everything that I have. Advantages of a large family A large family has some very strong advantages. First of all, it has a lot of members and there is more than one earning member in a large family. In addition, members can help each other in bad times. A large family has parents, children and uncles, aunties and grandparents. Therefore, children can enjoy the company of all the members. They are never alone. A large family also has a joyful atmosphere. Everyone has his/her story at the end of the day and they all sit and talk about their good experiences, their problems and possible solutions together. Finally, a large family can save money in various different ways. Because they all live together, the cost becomes low in total and they can save a lot. A large family is a lovely place to live in. Disadvantages of a Large Family There are several disadvantages of having a large family. First of all, there is hardly any privacy. In a large family, you may have to share bedrooms with your sisters or brothers. It is hard to have any time alone because there are so many people living in one house. In addition, a large family often has more expenses than a small family. A large family has to budget their money so that everyone can have enough food and clothes to live. Sometimes, children or parents cannot buy what they want because they have to save money for others in the family. Finally, in a large family there is more responsibility on the parents to take care of all their children. It takes a lot of work by parents to make sure that all their children grow up to be good people. A large family is not easy to live in. There are many advantages and disadvantages of having a big family. I the past famielies were much bigger than now. Today many couples don’t get married at all or they get married much later, when both partners have started their career. The numbers of divorces has increased a lot. In the past people wanted to have many kids, but now is popular a type of family where are parents and one or two children. The first advantage of having a lot of brothers or sisters is joyful and happy life. In big families always someone tells you something nice or does some surprises. You never feel solitary in so large group because they always make you smile.The next good thing about having many brothers or sisters is helping each other with every work. For example elder from the sibling, helps with homework the younger one. Person who lives in a large family is more responsible and sociable than somebody who was always an only child. But on the other hand if you have only one brother or sister, or even none – you’re supposed to argue less, because you haven’t a person who you will argue with. Also in big families children become very competitive and everybody wants to be the best. In my opninion families should be numerous. I’ve got a younger brother and we really get on very well. I’m happy that I have him! I know a lot of people who are the only children. They are often more selfish and bumptious than the other who have any brothers or sisters. I still don’t know what I want to do in the future, I don’t know which job I want to have, I don’t know if I get married, but if I do – I know that I’d like to have a big family and a lot of children. 2. Geen house effect While some people believe the earth’s climatic changes are due to the fact that the universe is getting older, others believe it is due to the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is a naturally occuring phenomenon that is responsible for trapping heat near the earth’s surface and keeping the planet warm. It is called the greenhouse effect because the way it works is similar to the way in which a green house functions. In a greenhouse sunlight passes through the transparent roof and walls and strikes the objects inside- plants, flowerpots, tables, and so forth. These objects absorb energy from sun, become warmer, and then give off energy themselves in the form of heat. Only a little of this heat energy passes out through the glass, much of it is â€Å"trapped† in the greenhouse, raising the temperature inside. In some ways, the earth functions rather like a greenhouse except on a much larger scale. Although the greenhouse effect has only recently been in the news, is nothing new in th history of our planet, has played major role in making life on earth possible. Without the greenhouse effect, the earth would be too cold for living In recent decades there has been a global increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide, largely as a result of the burning of fossil fuels. The greenhouse effect may be the most serious environmental problem the human race has ever experienced, for this reason scientists around the world are working hard to acheive a better understanding of the greenhouse effect, to predict the impact it will have on earth, and to discover ways to control it. Global warming can be expected to change the earth’s climate dramatically and in a relatively short time. The financial problem with this is that the flooding will cause dams to be built and cities to be reconstructed. If we do not act now, it may be too late. â€Å"The amount ofcarbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increased by 0. Is soemthing good turning bad† Up until about 150 years ago the compostion of the earths atmosphere had remianed relatively unchanged for several thousand years. Global warming could change the atmosphere so much and so fast that all sorts of plants and animals might soon be in danger os extinction. If this rise in sea level was to occur many areas would be much more prone to flooding, and generally much deeper floods would be experienced than nowadays. Right now it is moving so that North America is going to be close to the sun in the winter. The Cretaceous Period occurred over 100 million years ago. While going through this cycle it will change the climate of areas. Overall, the global temperature could rise anywhere from 5 to 9 degrees over the next fifty years. What is meant by the term, the greenhouse effect, is that the heat from the sun comes into the Earth’s atmosphere and cannot get out so it becomes trapped. 3. Exercise good for your health It is very important to exercise. Exercise is important because it can keep you in shape and will improve your health for the better. Many studies have shown that regular activities and exercise can improve someones overall health substantially. Exercise reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke, certain cancers, and high blood pressure. Exercise can also help you to maintain healthy bones, muscles, and joints. Sports competitors must do physical activity on a regular basis to maintain their level of performance because it is necessary to train the body to be able to withstand physical activity. Along with physical activity comes weight loss. Weight loss can improve the meantal well-being and boost the confidence of any particular person. Also, studies have shown that people who exercise on a regular basis tend to live longer than those who don’t. With all of these benefits in mind, i’m not sure why anyone wouldn’t want to be physically fit and active! Try exercising a minimum of 3-4 days a week. Exercising includes walking, running, jogging, painting, biking, and there are plenty of other activities to try as well. My advice would be to pick something you enjoy doing and wouldn’t mind doing on a regular basis and sticking to a schedule. You can even pick a few different activities to mix things up and keep it interesting. In weight training most people will work different muscle groups on different days in order to best work their body without over-doing it. This also saves time during the day because instead of working out for 3-5 hours in one day you can workout for an hour a day 3-5 days a week. It spreads out the exercise so you don’t get sick of it and dread going. Also, your body will respond better because you will not be putting too much stress on yourself. Also, always stretch before physical activity! This is very important so that you do not pull or strain any muscles. Most importantly, to maintain a healthy body you must stay ACTIVE! 4. Advantages and disadvantages of living in a city and in the countryside A lot of people decide to move to the countryside nowadays. However, there are still many people who prefer stay in the town and say that they couldn’t live anywhere else. So which place is better to live? Let’s think about both of them. I would like to start with the advantages and disadvantages of the big city life. Living in such a big city has a lot of advantages. There is a big offer how to spend free time. There are a lot of theatres, concerts and other ways of entertainment. There is always a lot to do and visit! There are a lot of possibilities of shopping. In various shopping centres and galleries you can buy whatever you want. What is more, there are a lot of working places in a city. Many big international companies have their locations in the cities, so it is much easier to find a job in a big city. Moreover, the public transport is developed quite well, so the commuting to work isn’t a problem. On the other hand, there are some disadvantages of living in a big city. Cities are very crowded. Everywhere there are crowds: on the pavements and in the buses. What is more, the traffic is heavy and city’s car parks are always very full. Sometimes it is very difficult to get from a given place to another. It may take hours! Moreover, the other disadvantage is the safety in a city, but actually the lack of safety. There is a big crime rates in cities. So you have to be very careful at nights when you leave your home. I think that in the country the problem of crime isn’t so big. There aren’t so many people and they usually know each other well. The possibility of robbery or other crime is relatively lower. Life in the countryside is more peaceful and the life is also slower. What is more, it is less stressful. There isn’t any time pressure and the traffic conditions are better. A lot of places you may reach on foot. The city offers a lot: there are huge buildings, skyscrapers or some historic monuments. On the other hand, in the countryside there are a lot of breathtaking sceneries, space and other amazing places such as forests, lakes or mountains. Moreover, people in the countryside are quite different than people living in the city: they are relaxed, friendly and family-oriented. People in the city are like ants. They are always in hurry, busy and out of time. In the country people enjoy lives and take pleasure in their daily activities. As a disadvantage of living in the countryside we may consider the commuting problems. People who stay in the countryside often have to work in the nearest cities, so it may take a lot of time to get to it. However, the living costs in the country are much lower, the variety of products in shops is smaller. To sum up I would like to say that both countryside and city have some advantages and disadvantages. Both city and country may be a good place to live. However I will stay in the city till I retire. Then I would like to move to the country to have a rest. I think that everyone of us will take into consideration all aspects before he decides to move to the country. 5. The advantages and disadvantages of living in the country Living in the countryside has a lot of advantages, but also many disadvantages. As the advantage we can consider the fact that the country is less polluted and the traffic isn’t so heavy. You are fit and you don’t need to worry about your health condition, because in the countryside the air and water are so clean. In the country there are many plant species. There aren’t any huge blocks of flats, modern skyscrapers or bothersome traffic jams. In the country you are free to admire the breathtaking landscapes such as huge meadows, peacefulhills or forests. You can enjoy walking in the forest and picking mushrooms or hunting. Another advantage is that you may easily build a big house and the garden, because charges for ground are much lower than in the suburbs. Moreover, living in the countryside is cheaper than it is in the city, so you probably may afford many other things, because the prices are lower. What is more, you can invite your friends to the barbecue organized in your garden. It would be great! The other positive side is the safety. In the rural area the crime rate is much lower. There aren’t a lot of housebreaks and the possibility of burglary is also lower. In the countryside people usually and keep eyes on neighbour’s estates. They always react when something strange is happening. Country life is very peaceful and silent. You will enjoy the feeling of peace. However, there are a lot of positive aspects of living in the country side, there are also some disadvantages. Living in the country is slower. People don’t need to hurry and have a lot of time. People in the country don’t have to work so many hours as they do in the city. On the other hand, they don’t earn so much money. Moreover, there aren’t such interesting things to do during free time. The unemployment rate is also much higher than in the city. The problem may be also the communication. If you don’t have your own car, you may have problem how to commute to work. The same problem concerns the access to the hospitals, schools, police stations and shops, which are usually located far from the village. Last of all, there are some dangers connected with country life such as heavy snowfall or rainfall. To sum up, I think that living in the country may have a lot of advantages such as fresh air, breathtaking landscapes and comfort, but a lot of people decide to stay in the city, due to the fact that the life in the town is easier. The easy access to shops and other institutions are the great advantage. 6. Do you want to work in a big or small company? Why? a. No doubt, I choose to work for a small company because there are too many benefits that outnumber its disadvantages not to choose. But working for a large company has advantages no more than its disadvantages. The most important benefit of working for a small company is that I will have many chances to develop. In gerneral, a small company is a developing enterprise and it is not easy to absorb many excellent employees. If I enter this small company, I think that the boss will appreciate me and give me many opportunities to reveal my abilities. Only I let the job do well, I am sure that I will rise very rapidly. On contrary to this, a large company is already a high developed institutions. There are many prominent talent working for it. A good position will absorb hundreds of opponents. It will take me a lot of time and vigor to get this position. Maybe I have no chance to win this competition at all. Another benefit of working for a small company , which working for a large company almost cannot achieve, is that I can learn more skills in a small company than in a large company. As shown above, a small company is a developing enteprise. This means that it have no a great deal of money to employ many persons . So, I can do all kinds of jobs at the same time. I think that this will be useful to compete in the society. But in a large company, maybe I only engage a monotonous job over a long period of time . I believe that this will be helpless to improve my capacity. b. Of course, choosing to work for a large company also has advantages to some extent. For example, it will afford handsome salary and will be not easy to fail in business competition. But from my own development, I still want to work in a small company. In addition, I believe that every large company originates from a small company. Maybe I will become an important person when the small company in which I work become a large company. b. Lots of student will face such a problem, to work in a big company or a small one. Each choice has benefits as well as disadvantages .for a big company, one will gain more knowledge and experience, but his work will focus on a narrow area. On the other hand, if one chooses to work for a small firm, he will have a wide experience and knowledge about the company operation, but his income will be very likely not higher then working in big company. Personally, I preferred to working in the big firm. There are several reasons for me to choose the big company, and the main reason is that I wish to be a professional and I believe working in big company will help me to realize it. There are many opportunities to get in touch with the talent on their major in big company. Working with them, I will definitely benefit from their experience and skill. For example, once, I had worked at a company with several professional research engineering as research assistance for one year. Their knowledge helped me directly drive to the key of the project, and their experience saved me form impracticable ideas. Furthermore, in big firm, one had more training opportunities, which cannot provide by the small company. The other reason for me is the income. For working in big firm the income will be higher. The wage will be very important for the new graduate whose family needs money. For example, one came from financial strait family, and had two little brothers studying in school. A good wage will be help his family form hard living. Although working in a small company, one will gain full experience, and will obtain greater choice to promotion, when the company gets a good development. But the undeniable fact was the work was not steady, as the small firm was weak in the market economy. After considering the above, I can get the conclusion that although working in small firm also have advantage, I will choose to work in the big firm 7. Money is the root of all evil. Many of us grew up hearing that money is the root of all evil, but that is not really what scripture teaches us. Money is neither evil nor good. It is only what happens with money once it is in our hands that gives it qualities of either good or evil. Money can be many things, depending on how we relate to it. We need to understand the difference between a physical currency that is the basis for our lives and a material desire that is driven by greed. It is a fact that money makes the world go round and this is how we bargain for food, shelter, education, travel and just about everything in life has a price. Money is the reward for our work that allows us to enjoy the good things in life. It is the foundation for our social organizations and the donations to churches and charitable organizations that allows them to become established and function properly within our communities. From this point of view, money is not the evil; it is just a source of our survival. From the other hand, the love of money can destroys our lives. Not only money by themselves, but the desire of them. The greediness can destroy individuals, break up homes and even bring down nations. When the love of material possessions, social status and political power are the driving force behind our desire for money, we become rooted in evil. People can also make money there god. It depends on whether money is in control of the person or the person is in control of the money. It is clear, when money is in control of person it can make a lot of harm. To sum up, I should say that money is not evil, as I think. It’s just the greed that’s in the hearts of those who want it for needless riches and power that gives money the label of being evil 8. Time and tide wait for no man a. Time and tide are natural phenomena. Like other agents of nature, they too have no consideration and regard for any individual. They are beyond the control of human hands. Man finds himself helpless before them. This proverb is a lesson to all of us. It lays emphasis on the desirability of our preparedness to make the best use of an opportunity that presents itself to us. We should, therefore, remain vigilant, because even the slightest carelessness on our part may result in missing a great opportunity in life resulting in colossal loss. No amount of repentance would compensate the loss caused by such a failure. Opportunities are rare. If availed of, they may prove a boon in one’s life and may also ruin one’s life if it is missed. In olden days there were no watches an people used to do their working following the direction of the Sun, even though people were sincere and punctual at those days. But today even after innumerable inventions and a lot developments people used to complain that they don’t have time. ‘Is it that the time in olden days was long and today it is short? Not at all’. Then where is the problem? Actually problem exists in time management. For instance, when students have time, they waste it in unnecessary discussions, fantasies and student politics etc. but when examination comes nearer they start studying and complain for time short as they could not use the time left in a proper manner. Here a saying comes to mind, â€Å"Time is short, not for rest, think your aim and do your best†. Thus, scheduled management of time can give a person more time to do what he wants. b. When we get an opportunity to do anything, we should seize it. If an opportunity is may near have it again. Time lost once is lost forever. We cannot recall it. So we should always make the best use of time. We should be ever on the look-out to seize time by the fore-lock. Our life is short. We should not waste even a moment. If we waste time, we waste life itself. Time is the most important factor in our life. We should not postpone any work for the future. We should plan for the future and act in the present. The present is the most important time. We should do everything in the present. â€Å"now or Never† should be our motto We should plan our activities. We should do useful things. We should not waste time on unnecessary things. We should be careful about our duties. We should not spend much time on amusements and games. we should do our duties punctually. Punctually is a great virtue. Success in life depends upon the right use of time. We should utilize time wisely. A student should study hard in his student-career. If he does not study properly in this stage, he may have to repent later in life. A sick person should be treated in time, otherwise he may have to lose his life. A farmer should sow seeds in the proper season, otherwise he may not get a harvest. Everything should be done in time. If any time is lost, it lost for ever. We should always be up and doing. We should never miss an opportunity. Time is very valuable. We should make the best use of it. 9. Advantages and Disadvantages of a Large Family Essay A family is a group of individuals related by blood. It is a basic unit of the society traditionally consisting of a mother and father, rearing their children. The family is also the greatest agent of socialization in a society. In every society, family is of different types which are usually graded by size. The most common type of family is the Extended family, commonly called large family; and Nuclear family, commonly called small family. An extended family is that which consist of father, mother, children as well as cousins, uncles, nephews and nieces, grand-parents and family friends, which is why it is called a large family. Nuclear family on the other side is a relatively small family which consists majorly of the father, mother and children only. In Nigeria and mostly other African countries, the large family is usually more dominant. The advantages of a large/extended family are among others highlighted below: -It has a lot of members and there is more than one earning member in a large family. see more:small family advantages and disadvantages wikipedia That is, there is more than one source of income for a large family. This makes it easier for family needs to be met and in time, more than it will be in a small family where the source of income comes only form the parents. In addition, members can help each other in bad times and in an unforeseen or emergency situation as every member of the family, especially those who provides the family income, will rally round to save such situation. -A large family has parents, children and uncles, aunties and grandparents. Therefore, children can enjoy the company of all the members. They are never alone. A large family also has a joyful atmosphere. Everyone has his/her story at the end of the day and they all sit and talk about their good experiences, their problems and possible solutions together. With this level of love shared within the family, it is same extended to the larger society, hence, reducing the rate of crime and bringing about love and unity among members of a society. -A large family can save money in various different ways. Because they all live together, the cost becomes low in total and they can save a lot. The share every household appliances and can live happily in one apartment with sufficient facilities for their use. On the other side, the following are the disadvantages of a large family: – There is hardly any privacy. In a large family, you may have to share bedrooms with your sisters or brothers. It is hard to have any time alone because there are so many people living in one house. – In addition, a large family often has more expenses than a small family. A large family has to budget their money so that everyone can have enough food and clothes to live. Sometimes, children or parents cannot buy what they want because they have to save money for others in the family. -In a large family, there is more responsibility on the parents to take care of all their children. It takes a lot of work by parents to make sure that all their children grow up to be good people. -Also, health issues can easily be spread across every member of the family once one member is affected as they have to share basically most of the equipments and amenities in the house among themselves. Reference: * http://level2writingskills.blogspot.com/2011/03/advantages-of-large-family.html * http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/family

Reflective practice Essay

Reflective practice is improving the quality of service provided, thinking back over a situation or activity, developing a different approach and gaining new insight into a new way of learning. The importance of reflective practice it to aim to continually progress to improve or change approaches, strategies and actions. To focus on what has worked well and what needs to be improved, provides clarity, to consider new approaches and learning, enables everything to be taken into account, to develop great awareness and benefit to pupils and setting and individual of improved performance. Standards such as the Essential Standards, the Code of Practice for Social Care Workers etc. tell us how we should be working. We can use them to think about the way we work and measure ourselves against them. Informing own learning, helping one to think about professional development and providing a way of identifying what is required for good practice. Own values may affect working practice by not respecting others who do not share your values, belief systems and experiences. Conflict with own values, belief experiences affecting approach to support teaching and learning e.g. motivation, respect, fairness , creativity. By favouring those who share your values, belief systems and experiences. Fostering understanding of others views and perspectives. People will respond and react different ways to constructive feedback such as agreeing with what is being said, expressing desire to improve, asking questions, looking for reassurance, being defensive and expressing anxiety over what is being said. The importance of seeking positive feedback to improve practice and inform development is to evaluate own performance. To raise awareness of strength, identify areas for improvement, what actions is to be taken to improve performance, to show you are able to learn and listen to others and to identify what works well. 2.3 The importance of using feedback to improve own practice is to ensure it meets the individuals needs, shows respect for the views of others and that you have listened to there views. Enables you to develop new approaches and ways of thinking also enables you to apply the insight you have gained. Effective feedback develops confidence, competence and motivates. A personal development plan will record information such as regular view of personal development, use reflective journal to consider progress made, evidence of achievement e.g. certificates, review goals and actions, agreed objectives for development. Sources of support for planning and reviewing own development could be mentor, teacher, local authority, training provider, awarding organisations, further or higher education institutions, appraisals, learn direct, training development agency for schools. The role of other will help us to provide grater insight, think about the impact practice has on others,working with others may also give development opportunities such as training, qualifications, shadowing experience colleagues. provide us with information and new ideas and these can come from other who may include carers, advocates, supervisor, mentor teacher and other professional. The benefit of using a personal development plan is to focus on what one wants to achieve and how to do it, to develop greater self-awareness of training needs, using reflection and structured planning on how to meet own goals and to increase own understanding of how to meet identified needs.

The Nature of Realism in the Film 'Psycho Movie Review

The Nature of Realism in the Film 'Psycho - Movie Review Example Yet, there aren't any shots in the film that can be convincingly categorized as one of horror. What is achieved ultimately is the unfolding of the emerging suspense through plots of actions pieced together in order to serve as background and also connect them to the central story. There is not even an iota of the ethereal to make the film look like it is made using standards other than what is common in daily life. Undoubtedly, Hitchcock has successfully utilized the rules of dramatics to keep the audience on the edge with well crafted sequences, actions and dialogues, and has taken the trouble to keep the hearts beating fast to match the film with the title. The film begins randomly with the scene of the city of Phoenix and settles down on a window with the Venetian blinds covering it. The scene within the window is that of Marion Crane and Sam Loomis engaged in love making. Marion goes on to hog the scene from then on for nearly half of the film's duration. The film begins with her affair with Sam Loomis. From here we are taken to her office. At the office, she faces Tom Cassidy, played by Frank Albertson, and his lecherous behavior. She chooses to steal the money he gives her in cash to buy a home for "his little girl." This event is actually the precursor to the entire film. Had she not secretly decided to steal the money, she would not have had any reason to leave Phoenix, Arizona. Had she not left Phoenix, the circumstances leading to the making of the film might not have happened. Life would have continued as a normal routine. But things happen. Marion steals the money and decides to run away with it without knowing exactly where. All she knows is that she is in possession of 40,000 and the future looked bright with the money in hand. Hitchcock has a way of blending small events to make scintillating feature films. The wrongness in Marion's action in stealing the money is rendered insignificant with the antagonizing behavior of Cassidy. On the contrary, we find ourselves feeling pleased with her action because it serves the man right anyway. There is nothing wrong in conning a lecher. So Marion runs away and Hitchcock gradually takes us to the scene where Marion sitting in her car comes face to face with her boss. He takes a good look at her but does not see through her intentions and she drives away. As she drives on, the day begins to end. It is getting dark and the audience sees headlights of the oncoming vehicles gliding over Marion's face. Sometimes the headlights flash behind her. She has left the city limits and is now driving in the open countryside. Nonetheless, the look of anxiety is playing on her face and she is tired. Finally she wants to sleep and her eyelids keep shutting

(you choose it for me) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(you choose it for me) - Essay Example Nevertheless, I agree that the acquired world as a poetic descendant of England antique origin provided Locke with a symbolic source of natural, individual rights and free will. The above traits went helped in reinforcing his home sponsorship in parliamentary constitutionalism. Locke, like the colonists, knew that the state of nature in the modern world only thrived in a mythic form. Cheating had already been experienced by the American Indians ranging from scarcity of necessities, operation in the distribution and sale of properties including land, and subjections to usurpation and dictatorship crueler than the one subjected to their new colonial neighbors who ran away from England tyranny (Locke 1980, p.79). John Locke symbolically used the word â€Å"property† in two senses: the narrow and the extensive one. Narrowly, the word â€Å"property† submitted to material possessions, whereas, extensively he used the word to symbolize the liberal range of human ambitions and interests. John Locke opinioned that property should be a natural obligation and in order for one to acquire it a lot of labor, and hard work had to be employed. John Locke deems that one endeavors the ownership of a property by working towards achieving the said property. The meaning of this quotation is that the property was there long before even the start of the government, and this means that the state has no rights at all to disorganize the assets of the subjects randomly. Karl Marx feels otherwise about Locke’s theory of property (Locke 1980, p.88). In relation to human nature, Lock deemed the value and importance of these ideas in that tolerance and reason appear as common traits in human beings. I agree that human beings also were purported to act selfishly at one given time of their lives. The statement proved true after the introduction of currency to the society. Locke perceived people to be naturally self

Israel 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Israel 2 - Essay Example â€Å"In contrast to these sources which presuppose that the Omrides were strong rulers over an autonomous kingdom and in hostile relations with the Yahwistic prophets, the stories of the three battles with Ben-haded and the Elisha stories presuppose quite a different situation. Both of these narrative groups†¦depict the king or kings of Israel as international weaklings, bullied by the Syrian kings of Samaria.† (Miller and Hayes, 262) Therefore, as pointed out by Miller and Hayes, the sources relating to the Omride kings disagree over the political power of the Omrides. Similarly, the authors argue that there are significant conflicts in the sources relating to the Omride kings as the sources disagree over the sequence of Syrian kings during the period of the Omrides. The information about the sequence of Syrian kings during the period of the Omrides conflicts â€Å"with the biblical stories of the three battles with Ben-haded as well as with the Elisha stories, if one assumes that these two narrative groups are in proper context. That is, if the stories of the three battles with Ben-haded actually pertain to the last years of Ahab and the Elisha stories actually pertain to Jehoram’s reign, then we have a Ben-haded on the throne of Syria followed by Hazel rather than a Hadadezer followed by Hazel.† (Miller and Hayes, 263) Miller and Hayes provide an important picture of Omri and Ahab in international politics/affairs in the famous book A History of Ancient Israel and Judah and they give convincing evidences to establish and support their picture. According to the authors, Israel reached the zenith of its glory during the rule of Omri and Ahab. The readers are not able to gather a great picture about Omri from the documents, although he is the earliest biblical characters to be mentioned in ancient non-biblical documents and also the first king

Malware Forensic Computing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Malware Forensic Computing - Assignment Example Computer forensics or cyber forensics is a very imperative topic in information systems and networks management. Forensics is the structured procedure of gathering, examining and showing facts and evidences to the court of law, and thus, forensic computing is defined as â€Å"the discipline that combines elements of law and computer science to collect and analyze data from computer systems, networks, wireless communications, and storage devices in a way that is admissible as evidence in a court of law† (US-CERT 2008). This involves the seeking, locating and securing the electronic data so as to provide evidence. This electronic or magnetically encoded data may include text messages, databases, pictures, e-mail, websites, spyware, malware, and so on. The evidence collected is strong and indisputable as compared to any other branch of forensic science because a copy that is made of the collected data is identical to the actual data and there is no room left for dispute. The whol e concept revolves around the idea that a structured investigation is carried out to find out what exactly happened to the computer, when it happened, how it happened, and who did it. This is just like solving a murder case and performing postmortem. The operator does not know that the evidence information is transparently being created and stored by the computer’s operating system which can only be extracted through computer forensics software tools and techniques. ... The crimes include misuse of computer systems, attack on computer systems, using a computer system to work against another system, failure of a computer system, and the list continues. Computer forensics security solutions focus not only on recovery but also on prevention of security threats in order to provide securer solutions that are quicker and cheaper than the conventional techniques. These solutions include intrusion detection system (IDS), internet security system, biometric security system, net privacy system, firewall set-ups, network disaster security system, identity theft prevention system, identity management security system, and so on (Vacca 2005: 146). 2.2. Malware Forensics Malware is the malicious code that computer intruders use to do a cyber attack, and malware forensics is the forensic computing techniques used by the investigators to detect and analyze this malicious code or malware (Ligh et al. 2010). Since cyber attackers are becoming increasingly aware if com puter forensics techniques, they are designing much more sophisticated malicious codes that are at times hard to detect and analyze. Casey, Malin and Aquilina (2008) state that â€Å"By employing techniques that thwart reverse engineering, encode and conceal network traffic, and minimize the traces left on file system, malicious code developers are making both discovery and forensic analysis both difficult.† 2.2.1. Types of Malware The most common instances of malware are the viruses, worms, Trojan horses, scareware, and exploits. Viruses get installed in the computer files through email scams, websites, downloads, etc. Worms work the same way as viruses. Scareware is a malware that

Caracass Current Sanitation and Energy Problem Essay

Caracass Current Sanitation and Energy Problem - Essay Example According to the findings, it can, therefore, be said that the concern by scientists that the combustion of fossil fuels has resulted in surplus carbon dioxide gives a reason for examining this problem so that a quick solution can be found and that no devastating effects are created in Caracas. An additional significance for looking into this problem is that, by researching on it, a recognizable power generation technology that is environmentally friendly, mechanically reasonable, and economically profitable can be discovered so that the city can experience a real option for builders of fresh capacity. Further, energy policy can be formulated, basing on a high degree of energy proficiency and more use of renewable energy. This paper will, therefore, look at the problem chronologically, outlining the body in terms of the record of the earlier problems facing the city for a deeper understanding; a collection of possible ideas and solutions; and finally to link the whole research to the energy problem as well as brainstorm suggested improvements for the welfare of the  city.

Indonesian Position Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Indonesian Position Report - Essay Example The RC/RC Climate Centre and the global amalgamation of the Red Cross/Red Crescent (IFRC) distinguish this conference as an imperative venture to champion the government and other stakeholders about the significance in addressing the detrimental effects of climate change on the defencelessness of the people around the world, precisely in embryonic countries and what necessitates, to be the global adaptation support strategy. Duval-Smith, Alex. (2005). Ecological anomalies are frequently pointed out as a prominent example of issues transcending national borders which relatively demands international and political coordination. 1This prompts environmental consciousness that should be integrated within the social fabric of the society in mobilizing relentless for environmental conservations stipulated by the UNFCCC. Besides this enormous outcry, latest surge on globalization has still been centred on national issues where national actors or institutions have been targeted. Indonesian government has vowed to support the composite projecting by pumping in $10 million that is issued in three trances. The scientific assistance is evident throughout these phases. This monetary juncture will support the GEF's objective in plummeting the risks of climate transformation by avoiding imperative methane gas production from the decomposition of organic dissipate in landfills and the consequential emission of greenhouse gas. These remunerations will be achieved by transforming the organic division of the solid waste torrent to agricultural manure, rather than trucking it to and discarding it in landfills. Tonne for tonne, a 20- fold decrease in GHG emissions can be achieved if the organic wastes are degraded aerobically. Rogers, Paul (2004). The Background of the UNFCC In the direction of the end of the second last decade of the last century, World Meteorological organisation (WMO) and the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) time-honoured the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change, as a reply to growing scientific and well structured methodological concerns on climate change. Climatic anomaly was first discovered in 1990 by the IPCC's first report, it nevertheless, emphasised that human actions probably played a causative role, noticeably adding to the natural process already taking place. The fourth Analysis was produced in this years June report; the report outlined that it's now unequivocal that the climatic changes are on a rampage and the probability of this happenings is blamed on the human activities. Myriad aspects of excessive whether all round the world are already shifting. United Nation in the early nineties organised for a conference on the Environment and Development (the Earth Summit). 2At this conference governments agreed on the Uni ted Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Convention was signed and later ratified by 192 countries and thus enjoys universal membership. These countries that had approved concurrently ratified the UNFCCC have since been convening as from 1995 under the umbrella of the Conference of parties (COP). Graced with the presence by all members; these meetings are the highest verdict-making influence of the conference. Penny, C (2005). They have been conduits that have been used to

James Luna Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

James Luna - Essay Example The product of a Mexican father and Luiseno Indian mother, Luna was born in 1950 on the La Jolla Indian reservation in Southern California. Raised in Orange County, he received a degree in art from the University of California Irvine in 1976. At that time, the art department at Cal-Irvine was a significant influence throughout southern California in terms of encouraging performance and conceptual art. Upon graduation, Luna returned to the La Jolla Reservation and enrolled at San Diego State University where he received a Masters degree in counseling. Currently, he is employed by Palomar College in San Marcos as a counselor. Initially trained as a painter, Luna now travels the globe demonstrating his version of conceptualistic art working principally with presentation video and visual art. His performance combines contemporary artistic offerings with Indian rituals, parodies, humor and autobiographical nuance within the context of prevailing, conventional attitudes toward native culture. Although the artistic methods he employs would be readily recognizable to an audience that prefers contemporary performance or gallery art, he injects this form with the teachings of his native cultural heritage and presents current conditions of native peoples. Despite this, Luna maintains that his form of art is not intended to politically motivate his audience. â€Å"In doing work about social issues I use myself to explore conditions here on the reservation. It is not my place to tell people how to act† (Durland, 2003). Through his works, Luna constantly endeavors to challenge the stereotypical, idealized notion of the dignified, yet savage Indian. His performances are theatrical in nature and are aesthetically intricate while making both subtle and overt political observations all of which produce a multi-faceted perception regarding the native culture to the audience. Luna’s performance is hardly what

BMW new change program Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BMW new change program - Case Study Example Also we can observe that the management also has redesigned the job of the workers. The hierarchical structure has been diminished and the teams hold more responsibility. Eventually, this will create new challenges for the members of the team. There is also evidence that the jobs of the workers no longer involve monotonous tasks. The jobs of the team members are halved so that they can concentrate on the development of the team. Every fortnight the team members talk for 45 minutes to solve problems and to gather new ideas. The assembly line workers who were previously responsible only in the production levels were now having additional roles in tackling problems and suggesting solutions which has resulted in huge gains for the organization. By making the job more challenging and providing opportunities for achievement, recognition, responsibility and growth, the job itself becomes a source of motivation. b) The management of BMW has taken the approach to maintain the hygiene and motivational factors as suggested by Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory. In this theory, Herzberg explains that there are hygiene factors, which are not intrinsic part of the job but the conditions under which a job is performed. These factors do not help in the improvement of efficiency of the organization, but they prevent losses in the performance of the workers. These factors help in maintaining a reasonable level of output from the workers. At BMW the hygiene factors are already well established. Hence, to heave a motivated workforce, the management decided to improve the motivational factors such as increasing the responsibility, achievement and recognition. By dividing the workers into teams and empowering them to solve problems and make decisions, the management has increased the presence of motivational factors in the organization. The jobs of the workers now include a variety of tasks and the formal structures have given way to more people oriented teams. This creates job enrichment. The idea of maintaining the motivational factors hs lead to job rotation, job enrichment and job enlargement, which has benefitted the company to a major extent. By increasing the scope of responsibility and recognition the management has created more value to the job of the assembly line worker. The Herzberg's approach can often motivate the members to achieve new heights which the human resource policies fail to achieve. c) Working in groups benefits both the employees and the organization. For the employees it is very useful by creating a participatory work environment. At BMW, the management also takes part in the production process, hence the environment of participatory work is established. Next, there is improved organizational processes and procedures. The teams are empowered to make decisions, hence the processes and procedures followed become more effective. The worker satisfaction is increased because of the additional roles played by the team members. Working in empower teams helps to establish a positive work environment which gives room for better human relationships. Hence, this helps the workers to reduce stress, increase shares responsibility and trust amount the members of the team thus increasing the quality of the work life. Also, the workers are made to attend workshops and training programs by the management, which gives them opportunity to develop themselves. For the

Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) of a Simple Pendulum Essay Example for Free

Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) of a Simple Pendulum Essay Objectives: To study the simple harmonic motion (SHM) of a simple pendulum and to investigate the phase relationship between the displacement, velocity and acceleration, and to investigate how acceleration is related to displacement in a simple harmonic motion. Apparatus: * half metre rule * a light string * pendulum bob * video camera with tripod stand * computer with Motion Video Analysis (MVA) software and Microsoft Excel installed Experimental design: Fig. 0 Theory: For an object or mass moving in a simple harmonic motion, the displacement, velocity and acceleration change periodically in both magnitude and direction. The acceleration in particular is always proportional to its displacement from the equilibrium position and must always be directed towards the equilibrium point. Mathematically it can be expressed as a = -kx, where k is a constant and x is the displacement from the equilibrium point. Also for a simple harmonic oscillation, the period or frequency of oscillation is independent of the amplitude of the motion. In Figure 1, x is the displacement of the pendulum bob from the equilibrium point Q. Points P and R are points where the maximum displacement (amplitude A) can be obtained. Theoretically, the following equations are true for S.H.M.: When the motion starts at the equilibrium position (point Q) x = A sin ?t where ? is angular velocity v = ? A cos ?t a = ?2A sin ?t Period T = 2 ? / ? Fig. 1 When the motion starts at the position where the amplitude is obtained (point P or R) x = A cos ?t where ? is angular velocity v = ? A sin ?t a = ?2A cos ?t Period T = 2 ? / ? In theory, the displacement-time, velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs should be in a sine or cosine curve. Moreover, the velocity graph should lead the displacement by a quarter of the cycle (? = 90à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½), and the acceleration graph should lead the velocity by also a quarter of the cycle. This can be illustrated by the fig. 2(a), (b) and (c). Fig. 2(a): Graph of displacement x against time (Suppose the motion starts at the point where lower amplitude is obtained) Fig. 2(b): Graph of velocity v against time Fig.2(c): Graph of acceleration a against time Procedure: 1. The set-up was assembled in the following procedures: (a) One end of the spring is clamped firmly on the stand. (b) The ringed mass was attached to the other end of the spring. (c) A half-metre rule was clamped on the stand beside the spring and mass such that the top of the half-metre rule corresponds to the top of the spring. (Refer to Fig. 0) (d) The equilibrium position was marked by a sticker. 2. Take readings by using the apparatus in the following procedures: (a) Student holding the white foam board (Student A) (i) Hold the white foam board behind the set up so that the movement of the spring system is not disturbed by any other backgrounds. (b) Student conducting the experiment (Student B) (i) Stand beside the set up. Make sure that the spring system at equilibrium is in a steady and stable condition. (ii) When the video taking was on, pull down the spring some distance (e.g. about 5 cm) and set the spring moving. (iii) Make sure the spring is mostly moving in a vertical direction and not swinging to and fro. (iv) After a few oscillations, ask student C to stop the video. (c) Student conducting the video-taking (Student C) (i) Set up the video camera and fix it on the tripod stand firmly. (ii) Adjust the position of the camera so that the spring system and the movement of the spring is shown clearly. (iii) Watch out for Student B to start or stop the video-taking. 3. Convert the video into suitable format. 4. Use the MVA software to record the positions and times for 2 complete oscillations of the mass. Save the project and export the data to a text file. 5. Use Microsoft Excel to open the exported files and plot the graphs for displacement, velocity and acceleration against time respectively. Also plot a graph of acceleration against time. Results and Measurements: (Copied from the data of MVA software) Values of velocity is found by the equation: (x2-x1)/(t2/t1), whereas x1=-7.54E-02 x2= -4.08E-02, t1=0.00E+00 ,t2=6.67E-02 Values of acceleration is found by the equation: (v2-v1)/(t2-t1) Whereas v1= -1.30E-02,v2= 5.20E-01, t1=0.00E+00 ,t2=6.67E-02 E+00= 100=1; E-01=10-1; E-02=10-2 E-03=10-3 (See the bolded ones as reference) BR/-Index Time(s) x-coordinate (displacement in x-direction)/m y-coordinate (displacement in y-direction)/m Velocity(v)/ms-1 Acceleration(a)ms-2 BR /0.00E+00 -5.80E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 BR /1.00E+00 0.00E+00 -7.54E-02 1.02E-02 -1.30E-02 BR /2.00E+00 6.67E-02 -4.08E-02 0.00E+00 5.20E-01 7.99E+00 BR /3.00E+00 1.33E-01 -1.63E-02 0.00E+00 3.67E-01 -2.29E+00 BR /4.00E+00 2.00E-01 1.43E-02 -2.04E-03 4.59E-01 1.38E+00 BR /5.00E+00 2.67E-01 3.87E-02 -4.08E-03 3.67E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /6.00E+00 3.33E-01 6.73E-02 -4.08E-03 4.28E-01 9.17E-01 BR /7.00E+00 4.00E-01 8.97E-02 -4.08E-03 3.36E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /8.00E+00 4.67E-01 1.08E-01 -8.15E-03 2.75E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /9.00E+00 5.33E-01 1.30E-01 -4.08E-03 3.36E-01 9.17E-01 BR /1.00E+01 6.00E-01 1.45E-01 -6.11E-03 2.14E-01 -1.83E+00 BR /1.10E+01 6.67E-01 1.57E-01 -6.11E-03 1.83E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /1.20E+01 7.33E-01 1.57E-01 -8.15E-03 0.00E+00 -2.75E+00 BR /1.30E+01 8.00E-01 1.63E-01 -1.02E-02 9.17E-02 1.38E+00 BR /1.40E+01 8.67E-01 1.57E-01 -1.02E-02 -9.17E-02 -2.75E+00 BR /1.50E+01 9.33E-01 1.53E-01 -1.02E-02 -6.11E-02 4.59E-01 BR /1.60E+01 1.00E+00 1.39E-01 -1.02E-02 -2.14E-01 -2.29E+00 BR /1.70E+01 1.07E+00 1.22E-01 -8.15E-03 -2.45E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /1.80E+01 1.13E+00 1.04E-01 -1.02E-02 -2.75E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /1.90E+01 1.20E+00 8.56E-02 -6.11E-03 -2.75E-01 6.64E-06 BR /2.00E+01 1.27E+00 6.11E-02 -2.04E-03 -3.67E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /2.10E+01 1.33E+00 3.87E-02 2.04E-03 -3.36E-01 4.59E-01 BR /2.20E+01 1.40E+00 8.15E-03 -2.04E-03 -4.59E-01 -1.83E+00 BR /2.30E+01 1.47E+00 -1.63E-02 0.00E+00 -3.67E-01 1.38E+00 BR /2.40E+01 1.53E+00 -4.69E-02 2.04E-03 -4.59E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /2.50E+01 1.60E+00 -8.36E-02 8.15E-03 -5.50E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /2.60E+01 1.67E+00 -1.08E-01 1.43E-02 -3.67E-01 2.75E+00 BR /2.70E+01 1.73E+00 -1.32E-01 1.63E-02 -3.67E-01 -7.58E-06 BR /2.80E+01 1.80E+00 -1.59E-01 1.63E-02 -3.97E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /2.90E+01 1.87E+00 -1.81E-01 1.83E-02 -3.36E-01 9.17E-01 BR /3.00E+01 1.93E+00 -2.02E-01 2.04E-02 -3.06E-01 4.59E-01 BR /3.10E+01 2.00E+00 -2.26E-01 2.65E-02 -3.67E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /3.20E+01 2.07E+00 -2.41E-01 2.85E-02 -2.14E-01 2.29E+00 BR /3.30E+01 2.13E+00 -2.47E-01 2.85E-02 -9.17E-02 1.83E+00 BR /3.40E+01 2.20E+00 -2.59E-01 3.06E-02 -1.83E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /3.50E+01 2.27E+00 -2.65E-01 3.06E-02 -9.17E-02 1.38E+00 BR /3.60E+01 2.33E+00 -2.71E-01 3.06E-02 -9.17E-02 1.86E-07 BR /3.70E+01 2.40E+00 -2.55E-01 3.06E-02 2.45E-01 5.04E+00 BR /3.80E+01 2.47E+00 -2.43E-01 2.85E-02 1.83E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /3.90E+01 2.53E+00 -2.32E-01 2.85E-02 1.53E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /4.00E+01 2.60E+00 -2.20E-01 2.65E-02 1.83E-01 4.59E-01 BR /4.10E+01 2.67E+00 -1.98E-01 2.45E-02 3.36E-01 2.29E+00 BR /4.20E+01 2.73E+00 -1.79E-01 2.24E-02 2.75E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /4.30E+01 2.80E+00 -1.57E-01 2.24E-02 3.36E-01 9.17E-01 BR /4.40E+01 2.87E+00 -1.30E-01 1.83E-02 3.97E-01 9.17E-01 BR /4.50E+01 2.93E+00 -1.06E-01 1.22E-02 3.67E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /4.60E+01 3.00E+00 -8.36E-02 1.02E-02 3.36E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /4.70E+01 3.07E+00 -4.28E-02 6.11E-03 6.11E-01 4.13E+00 BR /4.80E+01 3.13E+00 -1.83E-02 6.11E-03 3.67E-01 -3.67E+00 BR /4.90E+01 3.20E+00 1.43E-02 4.08E-03 4.89E-01 1.83E+00 BR /5.00E+01 3.27E+00 3.87E-02 2.04E-03 3.67E-01 -1.83E+00 BR /5.10E+01 3.33E+00 6.93E-02 -4.08E-03 4.59E-01 1.38E+00 BR /5.20E+01 3.40E+00 9.17E-02 -2.04E-03 3.36E-01 -1.83E+00 BR /5.30E+01 3.47E+00 1.14E-01 -2.04E-03 3.36E-01 9.00E-07 BR /5.40E+01 3.53E+00 1.32E-01 -2.04E-03 2.75E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /5.50E+01 3.60E+00 1.43E-01 -4.08E-03 1.53E-01 -1.83E+00 BR /5.60E+01 3.67E+00 1.53E-01 -4.08E-03 1.53E-01 2.12E-14 BR /5.70E+01 3.73E+00 1.63E-01 -4.08E-03 1.53E-01 1.19E-06 BR /5.80E+01 3.80E+00 1.55E-01 -4.08E-03 -1.22E-01 -4.13E+00 BR /5.90E+01 3.87E+00 1.47E-01 -4.08E-03 -1.22E-01 1.21E-14 BR /6.00E+01 3.93E+00 1.41E-01 -6.11E-03 -9.17E-02 4.59E-01 BR /6.10E+01 4.00E+00 1.35E-01 -6.11E-03 -9.17E-02 -1.86E-07 BR /6.20E+01 4.07E+00 1.26E-01 -6.11E-03 -1.22E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /6.30E+01 4.13E+00 1.08E-01 0.00E+00 -2.75E-01 -2.29E+00 BR /6.40E+01 4.20E+00 8.56E-02 -4.08E-03 -3.36E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /6.50E+01 4.27E+00 6.11E-02 -4.08E-03 -3.67E-01 -4.59E-01 BR /6.60E+01 4.33E+00 3.26E-02 -2.04E-03 -4.28E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /6.70E+01 4.40E+00 6.11E-03 2.04E-03 -3.97E-01 4.59E-01 BR /6.80E+01 4.47E+00 -2.65E-02 2.04E-03 -4.89E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /6.90E+01 4.53E+00 -5.30E-02 8.15E-03 -3.97E-01 1.38E+00 BR /7.00E+01 4.60E+00 -8.36E-02 8.15E-03 -4.59E-01 -9.17E-01 BR /7.10E+01 4.67E+00 -1.10E-01 8.15E-03 -3.97E-01 9.17E-01 BR /7.20E+01 4.73E+00 -1.43E-01 1.83E-02 -4.89E-01 -1.38E+00 BR /7.30E+01 4.80E+00 -1.59E-01 1.43E-02 -2.45E-01 3.67E+00 BR /7.40E+01 4.87E+00 -1.88E-01 2.04E-02 -4.28E-01 -2.75E+00 BR /7.50E+01 4.93E+00 -2.06E-01 2.04E-02 -2.75E-01 2.29E+00 BR /7.60E+01 5.00E+00 -2.16E-01 2.04E-02 -1.53E-01 1.83E+00 BR /7.70E+01 5.07E+00 -2.38E-01 2.65E-02 -3.36E-01 -2.75E+00 BR /7.80E+01 5.13E+00 -2.49E-01 2.85E-02 -1.53E-01 2.75E+00 BR /7.90E+01 5.20E+00 -2.55E-01 2.85E-02 -9.17E-02 9.17E-01 BR /8.00E+01 5.27E+00 -2.59E-01 2.85E-02 -6.11E-02 4.59E-01 BR /8.10E+01 5.33E+00 -2.57E-01 2.85E-02 3.06E-02 1.38E+00 BR /8.20E+01 5.40E+00 -2.51E-01 2.85E-02 9.17E-02 9.17E-01 BR /8.30E+01 5.47E+00 -2.43E-01 3.06E-02 1.22E-01 4.59E-01 BR /8.40E+01 5.53E+00 -2.30E-01 2.65E-02 1.83E-01 9.17E-01 BR /8.50E+01 5.60E+00 -2.16E-01 2.65E-02 2.14E-01 4.59E-01 BR /8.60E+01 5.67E+00 -1.96E-01 2.65E-02 3.06E-01 1.38E+00 BR /8.70E+01 5.73E+00 -1.71E-01 2.24E-02 3.67E-01 9.17E-01 BR /8.80E+01 5.80E+00 -1.63E-01 2.04E-02 1.22E-01 -3.67E+00 BR /8.90E+01 5.87E+00 -1.22E-01 1.63E-02 6.11E-01 7.34E+00 BR /9.00E+01 5.93E+00 -9.78E-02 1.22E-02 3.67E-01 -3.67E+00 Experimental results in graphical representation: Analysis: (a) Shape of displacement-time, velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs From the experimental results and the graphs plotted above, it appears clearly that the displacement-time, velocity-time are in the form of sine and cosine curves respectively. For acceleration-time, due to errors in marking, may not appear as clear as sine curves. It can be seen more clearly after drawing a trend line. (b) Value of amplitude A and ? it can be read from the graph of x against time that the amplitude is within the range of 0.15-0.25m. Also, read from the graph, ?à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3.0s (c) The phase relationship between the displacement, velocity and acceleration By comparing the graphs of displacement-time, velocity-time and acceleration-time, it can be seen that the velocity leads the displacement by a quarter of the cycle, and the acceleration leads the velocity also by a quarter of the cycle. (d) The relationship between acceleration and displacement in a simple harmonic motion From the graph of acceleration against displacement x, the points tend to form a straight line going through the origin with a negative slope. It can be deduced that acceleration is directly proportional to displacement in a simple harmonic motion and is in an opposite direction to x. Error and Accuracy: Errors Systematic Error Random Error The motion of the spring system is not entirely vertical. The half-metre rule is not clamped vertically. The origin is not marked very accurately in the MVA software. The two ends of the half-metre rule are not marked accurately in the MVA software. The position of mass marked for each time interval may not be the same for all time intervals. There may be a damping effect by air resistance. The spring may not be perfectly elastic (1) The motion of the spring system is not entirely vertical No matter how carefully we set the motion off, the spring may not be moving vertically all throughout the motion. It may swing to and fro instead, hence the motion may not be entirely a simple harmonic motion, causing deviations in displacement obtained. (2) The half-metre rule is not clamped vertically The half-metre rule is not entirely vertical, so the marked points on the MVA software do not indicate an actual distance of 0.5 m. As the MVA software requires the setting of the end points of the half-metre rule as a reference to locate the displacement, the displacement at each time interval does not reflect the true value of the displacement. (3) The origin is not marked very accurately in the MVA software The inaccuracy of the centre of mass marked in the MVA software will result in the shifting up or down of the graphs of displacement, velocity and acceleration against time. (4) The two ends of the half-metre rule are not marked accurately in the MVA software As the two ends of the half-metre rule may not be marked accurately in the MVA software, the distance marked may not be exactly 0.5 m. Same as error (2), as the MVA software requires the setting of the end points of the half-metre rule as a reference to locate the displacement, the displacement at each time interval does not reflect the true value of the displacement. (5) The position of mass marked for each time interval may not be the same for all time intervals It is difficult to locate the mass at the same position for each time interval, therefore the displacement obtained is not accurate for each time interval. (6) There may be a damping effect by air resistance Air resistance exists, hence a damping force acts on the mass in motion, resulting in smaller and smaller amplitude obtained and also causing deviations in displacement. (7) The spring may not be perfectly elastic As the spring provided may not be perfect, the whole motion may not be entirely a simple harmonic motion. The graphs obtained from the experimental results may not truly reflect the characteristics of a simple harmonic motion. Conclusion The velocity leads the displacement by a quarter of the cycle, and the acceleration leads the velocity also by a quarter of the cycle. Also, the acceleration is directly proportional to displacement in a simple harmonic motion and is in an opposite direction to x. Possible improvements of the experiment 1. A heavier mass could be used to obtain a smoother motion. 2. If possible, more trials can be done to average out the random errors and obtain a better result.

The Celts Religion And Society Religion Essay

The Celts Religion And Society Religion Essay The Celts are traditionally ignored in world history textbooks and course, but the Celtic way of life, Celtic institutions, and the Celtic world view were superimposed onto Germanic and classical culture. The later monolithic European culture is greatly influenced by these early peoples. Most of what we know about Celtic life comes from Ireland-the largest and most extensive of the Celtic populations, the Gauls in central and western Europe, we only know about through Roman sources-and these sources are decidedly unfriendly to the Gauls. We know that the early Celtic societies were organized around warfare-this structure would commonly characterize cultures in the process of migration: the Celts, the Huns, and later the Germans. Although classical Greek and Roman writers considered the Celts to be violently insane, warfare was not an organized process of territorial conquest. Among the Celts, warfare seems to have mainly been a sport, focussing on raids and hunting. In Ireland, the institution of the fianna involved young, aristocratic warriors who left the tribal area for a time to conduct raids and to hunt. When the Celts came into contact with the Romans, they changed their manner of warfare to a more organized defense agains a larger army. It was these groups that the classical writers encountered and considered insane. The Celtic method of warfare was to stand in front of the opposing army and scream and beat their spears and swords against their shields. They would then run headlong into the opposing army and s creamed the entire way-this often had the effect of scaring the opposing soldiers who then broke into a run; fighting a fleeing army is relatively easy work. If the opposing army did not break ranks, the Celts would stop short of the army, return to their original position, and start the process over agina. Celtic society was hierarchical and class-based. Tribes were led by kings but political organizations were remarkably plastic. According to both Roman and Irish sources, Celtic society was divided into three groups: a warrior aristocracy, an intellectual class that included druids, poets, and jurists, and everyone else. Society was tribal and kinship-based; ones ethnic identity was largely derived from the larger tribal group, called the tuath (too-awth) in Irish (meaning people) but ultimately based on the smallest kinship organizational unit, the clan, called the cenedl (ke-na-dl), or kindred, in Irish. The clan provided identity and protection-disputes between individuals were always disputes between clans. Since it was the duty of the clan to protect individuals, crimes against an individual would be prosecuted against an entire clan. One of the prominent institutions among the Celts was the blood-feud in which murder or insults against an individual would require the entire clan to violently exact retribution. The blood-feud was in part avoided by the institution of professional mediators. At least an Ireland, a professional class of jurists, called brithem, would mediate disputes and exact reparations on the offending clan. Even though Celtic society centered around a warrior aristocracy, the position of women was fairly high in Celtic society. In the earliest periods, women participated both in warfare and in kingship. While the later Celts would adopt a strict patriarchal model, they still have a memory of women leaders and warriors. Celtic society was based almost entirely on pastoralism and the raising of cattle or sheep; there was some agriculture in the Celtic world, but not much. The importance of cattle and the pastoral life created a unique institution in Celtic, particularly Irish, life: the cattle-raid. The stealing of another groups cattle was often the proving point of a group of young warriors; the greatest surviving Irish myth, the TÃ ¡in BÃ ³ Cualingne, or The Cattle Raid of Cooley, centers around one such mythically-enhanced cattle-raid. There was no urbanization of any kind among the Celts until the advent of Roman rule; in Ireland, urbanization did not occur until the Danish and Norwegian invasions. Society was not based on trade or commerce; what trade took place was largely in the form of barter. Celtic economy was probably based on the economic principle of most tribal economies: reciprocity. In a reciprocal economy, goods and other services are not exchanged for other goods, but they are given by individuals to individuals based on mutual kinship relationships and obligations. (A family economy is typical of a reciprocal economy-parents and children give each other material goods and services not in trade but because they are part of a family). Religion From the nineteenth century onwards, Celtic religion has enjoyed a fascination among modern Europeans and European-derived cultures. In particular, the last few decades have seen a phenomenal growth not only interest in Celtic religion, but in religious practices in part derived from Celtic sources. For all this interest, however, we know next to nothing about Celtic religion and practices. The only sources for Celtic religious practices were written by Romans and Greeks, who considered the Celts little more than animals, and by later Celtic writers in Ireland and Wales who were writing from a Christian perspective. Simply put, although the Celts had a rich and pervasive religious culture, it has been permanently lost to human memory. We can make some general comments about Celtic religion based on the often-hostile accounts of classical writers. The Celts were polytheistic; these gods were ultimately derived from more primitive, Indo-European sources that gave rise to the polytheistic religions of Greece, Persia, and India. The Romans in trying to explain these gods, however, linked them with Roman gods as did the Romanized Gauls-so we really have no idea as to the Celtic character of these gods and their functions. We do know that Celtic gods tended to come in threes; the Celtic logic of divinity almost always centered on triads. This triadic logic no doubt had tremendous significance in the translation of Christianity into northern European cultural models. It is almost certain that the material world of the Celts was suffused with divinity that was both advantageous and harmful. Certain areas were considered more charged with divinity than others, especially pools, lakes and small groves, which were the sites of the cental ritual activities of Celtic life. The Celts were non-urbanized and according to Roman sources, Celtic ritual involved no temples or building structures-Celtic ritual life, then, was centered mainly on the natural environment. Celtic ritual life centered on a special class, called the druides or druids by the Romans, presumably from a Gaulish word. Although much has been written about druids and Celtic ritual practice, we know next to nothing about either. Heres what we can gather. As a special group, the druids performed many of the functions that we would consider priestly functions, including ritual and sacrifice, but they also included functions that we would place under education and law. These rituals and practices were probably kept secret-a tradition common among early Indo-European peoples-which helps to explain why the classical world knows nothing about them. The only thing that the classical sources attest is that the druids performed barbaric or horrid rituals at lakes and groves; there was a fair amount of consensus among the Greeks and Romans that these rituals involved human sacrifice. This may or may not be true; there is some evidence of human sacrifice among the Celts, but it does not se em to have been a prevalent practice. According to Julius Caesar, who gives the longest account of druids, the center of Celtic belief was the passing of souls from one body to another. From an archaeological perspective, it is clear that the Celts believed in an after-life, for material goods are buried with the dead. http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MA/CELTS.HTM

The Role of Acupuncture in Fertility

The Role of Acupuncture in Fertility Acupuncture is a traditional medicine form that has been around for over 3000 years, originating in China and is used in to treat various health problems such as back and joint pains, relieve stress and regulate the flow of chi or energy in the body of the person that avails it. Acupuncture makes use of very thin needles inserted in different pressure points throughout your body to achieve energy flow regulation and promote health and well-being. Apart from this, the use of acupuncture has also been used to help people having problems in fertility. It can be used to help you conceive if you are having problems doing so. Over the years, more and more treatments aiming to address fertility and conception problems and help individuals and couples get pregnant. Some of these treatments have worked in one way or the other, while some have been proven to be ineffective and are eventually no longer used or prescribed. Among these treatment methods, traditional Chinese medicine procedures such as acupuncture and others are still used in the Western world and is gaining popularity for its benefits not only for helping couple in terms or fertility and conception but also for their general health status. What is Fertility? Conception? Fertility is the word that is used to denote your capacity to get pregnant (if you are a female) or impregnate (for males). It is usually connected to your capacity to perform the roles and responsibilities associated either with motherhood or fatherhood. However, the word conception is used to point out to a state when that capacity to get pregnant is taken advantage of, resulting to the creation of a fetus and therefore pregnancy. These are all part of the natural order of things and are considered to be both responsibilities and privileges as well. The Problem of Fertility and Conception One of the most exciting phases in the life of an individual is when he or she is able to procreate and bring forth a child in to the world. If you are a woman, getting pregnant usually is correlated to your sense of completeness and ability to perform your biological role of motherhood. Likewise, if you are a man, being a father confirms your virility and your ability to procreate and start a family. Therefore, conception is not only a burden and role placed upon the woman, but also upon the man as well because they have shared responsibilities in the process of conception. However, this is usually clouded when either of you are faced with problems with fertility and conception, resulting to decreased ability to get pregnant and bring forth a child. The usual problem of fertility and conception also puts a strain into a relationship, with partners focusing and stressing over the need to conceive. When you are stressed, it usually causes a disruption in the flow of your chi (or energy), and can bring about changes in how your body functions. This change in bodily function can affect levels of specific hormones that are responsible for fertility (as with ovulation in females and sperm counts and motility in males), and eventually in conception. Also, stress can also take its toll on the body by altering blood and oxygen flow to vital parts of the body that plays a role in fertility, conception and pregnancy. Moreover, lifestyle and dietary patterns have also been shown and proven to play a significant role in your fertility by altering nutritional and oxygen level and delivery to other cells of your body. By having patterns that are less than ideal, your fertility, and subsequently, capacity to get pregnant may also be affected. Fertility and Acupuncture As previously mentioned, problems with fertility or more commonly called infertility, is due to a number of causes. In females, one of the most common factors associated with fertility is the presence of spasms in the uterus and fallopian tubes and miscarriages. Acupuncture in fertility is usually used to address these problems. Also, since fertility is related to hormonal levels, acupuncture can also be used to treat problems with hormones (specifically the thyroid hormone) which are also pointed out to be root causes of infertility. This can be seen when hormones responsible for the general sense of health and well-being are being affected, creating what you call as a â€Å"feel-good† state. Likewise, acupuncture is also used as a form of treatment for people with infertility from usually unknown causes. These all help place acupuncture in the mainstream, allowing it to be used side-by-side with more medically-traditional treatments. For women, acupuncture has been seen to improve hormonal levels that are highly important for fertility such as the luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones. This can contribute greatly to higher chances of pregnancy, as was supported by research studies. In males, acupuncture has been seen to increase the fertility of males as it contributes to the increased number and volume of sperm cells with normal characteristics and reducing the number of defective ones. Moreover, this can also help improve sperm motility, causing it to reach its destination faster than other sperm cells. Benefits of Acupuncture in Fertility Because of its ability to realign and create a sense of normalcy in your energy flow or chi, acupuncture can bring about a lot of benefits for you as you go on your way to improving your fertility and become pregnant. As it balances those aspects of your mind and body that creates a problem in your state of fertility and ability to conceive, acupuncture combined with proper diet and a good physical environment can help you attain pregnancy. Moreover, the following aspects are also improved, contributing to increased fertility. 1. Acupuncture helps you reduce stress levels. Because of the burden you face in becoming pregnant, psychological form of stress is not uncommon. This can create a less than favorable impact on fertility since the presence of stress can lead your body to release hormones that may interrupt normal mechanisms that are related to proper ovulation and menstrual cycle. Acupuncture helps in this area by increasing the release of the hormone beta endorphin, allowing you to feel more relaxed and calm and decreasing your stress and anxiety levels. Also, because of this, the blood flowing to the uterus is improved, and oxygen and nutrient supply to the ovaries are maximized. When this happens, your menstrual cycles are regularized, ovulation cycles are normalized and fertility is improved. 2. Acupuncture increases the strength of your immune system. Sometimes, problems with fertility is caused by a problem with the immune system, making it less favorable for fertility to thrive and pregnancy to occur. Acupuncture treatments can help you treat the root cause of immune system problems and ensuring that your body is at its best possible condition necessary for fertility and conception. 3. Acupuncture can help in regulating your hormones related to fertility. As mentioned in the previous section, when you are stressed, the body decreases its release of an endorphin that is necessary in controlling pain sensation and affecting the ovulatory processes essential for fertility and conception. Hormones such as the gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and the luteinizing hormone are regulated, contributing to fertility. 4. The quality of your egg cells are improved after acupuncture treatments. Because of its ability to normalize bodily functions, and in effect the function of your endocrine glands, acupuncture can help improve the quality of your egg cells, resulting to better chances of successful conception and pregnancy. Also, it has been shown that through regular treatments with acupuncture, women who are experiencing anovulatory cycles can achieve normalized menstrual cycles and that hormonal disturbances are also resolved. 5. Side effects of medications may be reduced through acupuncture treatments. One of the most common medications prescribed to older women who want to become pregnant is Clomid. However, one of this drug’s effect is the thinning of your uterine lining, decreasing your chances to successful pregnancy. Acupuncture serves a reversing agent for this by causing your uterine lining to thicken and allowing it to maintain a uniform appearance and functioning. Because of this, blood flow to the arteries in the uterus is improved, allowing more oxygen and nutrients to be distributed to the uterus and its linings which are conducive to promoting fertility and pregnancy. 6. Acupuncture may be used concomitantly with in-vitro fertilization (IVF) for better success rates. Because of its capacity to increase and improve blood flow to the uterus, acupuncture is often used as a concomitant therapy to IVF. This is because acupuncture is seen to cause a thickening in the uterine lining that is rich in oxygen and nutrients, and also by causing this lining to be more uniform in structure. Blood flow to the ovaries are also increased, ensuring better quality of the egg cells. 7. Uterine contractions are decreased. During implantation, there is a tendency for your uterus to contract, which may cause you to lose the pregnancy. Acupuncture treatments, when given regularly, may help in reducing these contractions during implantation, allowing the embryo to grow and become a fetus that can carry on to term. 8. Acupuncture also helps fertility in males too. This is because with acupuncture, sperm appearance, count and motility is increased. The above-mentioned benefits of acupuncture in fertility may be achieved through regular treatments and observance of modalities that are set in place to ensure that you can best take advantage of the role of acupuncture in pregnancy.

Criminal Justice Codes of Ethics Essay example -- Criminal Justice

Since the 1800’s, the main duties of a uniformed police officer revolved around carrying out patrols and investigations into crimes (CliffsNotes.com, 2011a). A usual patrol involves the officers either walking on foot or using vehicles travel around neighborhoods as a way of deterring criminal activities (CliffsNotes.com, 2011a). The investigative part of a police officer’s work usually comes in when a suspect of the case at hand has not been identified (CliffsNotes.com, 2011a). Usually, the detective has to sift through some evidence so as to identify the leads to the suspect. Finally, there are special activities that require specialized law enforcement personnel to carry out. These activities include traffic control and drug control (CliffsNotes.com, 2011a). It is clear from all this that the job of a typical police officer is hazardous. The police organization borrows much of its organizational structure from the military (CliffsNotes.com, 2011b). With its bureaucratic structure and the lines of command that pervade the organization, its culture can lead to inflexibility. It can also lead to a culture of indifference amongst the police (CliffsNotes.com, 2011b). With the tendency of the organization to ape their counterparts in the military, its workers are pre-disposed to violence. This is one example of how an organization’s culture can influence the decisions of its personnel. Furthermore, an authoritarian form of leadership also plays a great role in nurturing a domineering air in a police officer (CliffsNotes.com, 2011b). For example, the use of guns, the use of police swoops as a means of fighting crime, and the use of uniforms that closely resemble those of the military have inculcated a domineering character and, t... ... Department of Justice, 2001). Some form of witness protection should be accorded to me to protect me from retaliatory attacks. References CliffsNotes.com (2011). Police Strategies. Retrieved from http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/topicArticleId-10065,articleId-9953.html. CliffsNotes.com (2011). Police Organization. Retrieved from http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/topicArticleId-10065,articleId-9952.html Criminal Justice Code of Ethics (n.d). Retrieved from http://www.oregon.gov/DPSST/SC/docs/F-11.pdf?ga=t The Importance of Ethics in Criminal Justice. Retrieved from http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/4031_Banks_Chapter_1_Proof.pdf U.S Department of Justice (2001). â€Å"Principles for Promoting Police Integrity: Examples of Promising Police Practices and Policies†. 7-11. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojp/186189.pdf

The Life Of Walt Disney & The Grimm Brothers Essay -- essays research

Walt Disney and Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm Walt Disney and the Grimm Brothers used their talents, and, with help, became some of the most famous children’s literature writers and business owners of all time. Many children have read Grimm Brothers’ fairy tales and watched Walt Disney’s films and cartoons. The creators have used their tales, films, and cartoons not only during their lives, but even now. Walter Elias Disney was born on December 5, 1901 to a German-Irish-Canadian-American family who lived in Chicago, Illinois. He had three brothers and one sister. His mother was a German-American woman named Flora Call Disney. His father was an Irish-Canadian man named Elias Disney (Encarta Encyclopedia 2). After a few years, Elias Disney moved his family to a farm near Marceline, Missouri. This was when Walt started taking an interest in drawing and developed a love for animals. He sold his first sketches to some of his neighbors when he was seven years old (Encarta Encyclopedia 2). Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm in Hanau, Germany. Jacob was born on January 4, 1785 and Wilhelm on February 24, 1786. Their parents were Philipp Wilhelm Grimm and Dorothea Grimm. Philipp and Dorothea had nine children together. In 1971, the Grimm family moved to Steinau. Five years later, in 1976, Philipp Wilhelm Grimm died at the age of 44. At this time, Jacob was eleven years old and Wilhelm was about to be ten (Grimm Brothers’ Home Page 1). In 1910, the Disney family moved to Kansas City. Walt helped his father’s newspaper distribution business by delivering newspapers. â€Å"Walt attended Benton School, and occasionally surprised his teachers with his talent for drawing and acting. (Disney A to Z, 143)† The family moved back to Chicago where Disney would attend McKinley High School for one year. During this time, he worked on the school newspaper doing drawing and photography. He also attended the Academy of Fine Arts at night (Disney A to Z 143). The Grimm Brothers’ first school was called Lyceum Fridericianum in Cassel, Germany. The school had seven different classes and was used to prepare people for college. â€Å"The four upper served to prepare for the university while pupils of the three lower ones did not aim at further academic studies. Unfortunately, Preceptor Zinckhan’s lessons had not been enough for Jacob and Wilhelm. Jacob was admitted to the lowest form only while... ... company when Frank Wells died. (Encarta Encyclopedia 4) The Grimm Brothers’ folktales are still read by little children today. And without some help from Walt Disney, some tales may have never been heard of. Some of their most famous tales are Snow White, Cinderella, Rumpelstiltskin, Beauty and the Beast, Sleeping Beauty, and many other tales. Walt Disney’s has had and still is having a large effect on television and writing today. He has made very memorable films. Many people will remember this 20th century folk hero and legend for many years to come. Both the Grimm Brothers’ and Walt Disney were very talented. They both have given people many different stories and have taught many lessons in their stories. They will always be remembered in history. Works Cited Ashliman, D.L. Grimm Brothers’ Home Page. 28 Jan. 2001 http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/grimm.html Grant, John Walt Disney’s Animated Characters Toronto: Fitzhenry & Whiteside Limited Michaelis-Jena, Ruth The Brothers Grimm New York Washington: Praegar Publishers, 1970 Smith, Dave Disney A to Z New York: Hyperion 1998 â€Å"Walt Disney Company, The† Microsoft Encarta 2000 Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. 2000 ed. Redmond: Microsoft, 2000

What is Instructional Technology? Essay -- Definition IT Essays

What is Instructional Technology? Describing Instructional Technology (IT) is a lot like herding cats – it can probably be done but it won’t be easy. It has been a difficult question for educational researchers and technologists to answer. Few other fields have such a difficulty in self-definition. Everyone can readily define such fields as psychology and biology, but the IT field is so new that no one has a definite answer. The term instructional technology is further confused because it is often used interchangeably with the terms educational technology and instructional design. The Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) (1994) defines IT as "the theory and practice of design, development, utilization management and evaluation of processes and resources for learning." Silber (1970) describes IT as "the development . . . of instructional systems components (messages, people, materials, devices, techniques, settings) and the management of the development . . . in a systematic manner with the goal of solving educational problems." According to Tickton (1970), "instructional technology is a way of designing, carrying out, and evaluating the total process of learning and teaching in terms of specific objectives, based on research in human learning and communication and employing a combination of human and non-human resources to bring about more effective instruction." The U.S. Commission on Instructional Technology (1970) defines IT as ". . . the media born of the communications revolution which can be used for instructional purposes along side the teacher, textbook, and blackboard. . . . a systematic way of designing, implementing and evaluating the total process of learning and teaching in... ...ugustana.edu/library/Newsletter1/index.htm . Commission on Instructional Technology. (1970). To improve learning. A report to the President and the Congress of the United States. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office. Jones, B.W. (1999). A Differentiating Definition of Instructional Technology and Educational Technology. Available online: http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Campus/7941/trmpprh.html Seels, B.B. and Richey, R.C. (1994). Instructional technology: The definition and domains of the field. Washington, D.C: AECT. Silber, K.H. (1970). What field are we in, anyhow? Audiovisual Instruction, (15(5), pp. 21-24. Tickton, S.G. (1970). To improve learning: An evaluation of instructional technology. New York: R.R. Bowker Company. Webster’s Dictionary (1989). Edited by Patterson, R.F. and Litt, D. Miami, FL, P.S.I. & Associates, Inc.

Outline and evaluate psychological explanations of schizophrenia Essay

?Outline and evaluate psychological explanations of schizophrenia (24 marks) Brown and Birley studied stressful life events in the role of relapse in schizophrenics. They found that 50% of people experience a stressful life event e. g. death, relationship break-up, job loss etc. in the 3 weeks prior to a schizophrenic episode. A control sample reported a low and unchanging level of stressful life events over the same period. However not all evidence supports the role of life events. For example, Van Os et al reported that patients were not more likely to have a major stressful life event in the 3 months preceding the onset of their illness. In a prospective part of the study, those patients who had experienced a major life event went on to have a lower likelihood of relapse, further-more life events after the onset of schizophrenia may be a consequence rather than a cause of schizophrenia. Bateson et al (1956) suggested that children who frequently receive contradictory messages from their parents are more likely to develop schizophrenia e. g. a mother hugs her child but then disapprovingly tells him off for being â€Å"clingy†. This is known as the double-bind theory. There is evidence to support the double-bind theory. Berger found that schizophrenics reported a higher recall of double-bind statements by their mothers than non-schizophrenics. However this evidence might not be reliable, as patients recall may be affected by their schizophrenic. Other studies are less supportive. Liem measured patterns of parental communications in families of schizophrenic children and found no difference when compared with normal children. Expressed emotion (EE) involves high levels of negative emotion (e. g. criticism) or high levels of positive emotion (e. g. over-protectiveness). Linszen at al (1997) found a patient returning to a family with high EE is four times more likely to relapse than a patient returning to a family with low EE. There is an issue as the whether EE is a cause or an effect of schizophrenia. Hogarty et al found that such therapy can significantly reduce intervention was the key element of the therapy or whether other aspects of family intervention may have helped. Cognitive psychologists think that disturbed thinking processes are the cause of schizophrenia. It is thought that the mechanisms that operate in normal brains filter and process information are defective in the brains of people with schizophrenia. People with schizophrenia have no filter so they let in irrelevant information, which they are unable to interpret correctly. Studies have shown that people with schizophrenia are poor at laboratory tasks which require paying attention to only some stimuli. However this theory doesn’t really explain the causes of schizophrenia more than just the symptoms of the disorder. Hemsley (1993) suggested that the central deflect in schizophrenia is the breakdown in the relationship between already stored memories and new incoming information. People with schizophrenic cannot activate their schemas so are subjective to sensory overload and do not know which aspects of a situation to attend and which to ignore. There has been promising research with animals offering support for Helmsley’s ideas. Frith (1992) suggested that people with schizophrenia are unable to distinguish between actions that are caused by external forces and those happening internally. He believes that people with schizophrenic have the inability to generate willed action, the inability to monitor willed action and the inability to monitor the intentions of others. Frith suggests that these processes are part of ‘meta representation’ that allows us be aware of our goals and understand the belief of others. Friths theory has provided a comprehensive framework for explaining the symptoms of schizophrenia. However, the theory is still regarded as speculative.