The Balding, Toothless, Castaway †with Wings

Marquez's A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings revolves on the genre of magic realism, where the unnatural events and characters are interspersed with the daily activities of human life.The story presents the two main topics of interest – the old and withering winged man and the small community around it. Magical characters are of a natural thing when it comes to this genre and the response of the people around it implies a subtle reality where the realms of magic and the real world meet halfway.The story does not present a clear moral perspective or lesson in the end. Rather, it only presents a straightforward storytelling style designed to give the reader an opportunity to think of different subjective possibilities. There are no genuine expressions of shock or exclaim over the appearances of these characters. In this case, the angel appears as though it is a part of their reality wherein it is viewed as something ordinary.The characters in the story view the angel as divine, even in his pathetic physical state. However, after the town priest carefully examined the angel, they have deduced that he was an impostor, for he did not know the language of God.   Although angels are closely associated with Christian teachings, the divinity of the angel in the story is concentrated more on the magical rather than the religious aspect.The angel—a decrepit old man with half-plucked wings infected with parasites—may be related to the struggles that the human soul experiences in the eventuality of submission from the burden of mortal problems. The angel symbolizes decay and the slow death of the soul as he tries to relieve all his burdens.There are several notions on the symbolisms of the angel and its wings. First, as a general figure without cultural or religious basis, the angel may be regarded as simply a man with wings coming from some shipwreck across the sea.However, the story made no mention of the origins of the man, nor the reasons why he h as wings attached naturally to his body. As Pelayo and Elisinda observed, it was a toothless, balding old man that could have been easily mistaken as someone from a foreign country. But the wings make the character all the more mysterious. Thus, upon their consultation from their neighbor who knew the â€Å"workings of life,† the latter immediately responded that it was an angel sent to claim their sick child's life (Marquez 388).The experience of the townspeople with the angel also implies the contextual definition and nature of the community. They immediately impose in their consciousness that it is in fact an angel and quickly resort to several propositions in order to use this divine entity for the benefit of the human race.The simplest of the proposals is to make the angel as mayor of the world. The more radical ones suggest that he be made either as a five-star general in order to win all wars or as a genetically perfect parental source in order to make all human beings wise and conquer the universe. These reactions are the natural impulse of man to associate divinity on earth as a universal solution to mortal problems.This divinity is a structured action that delimits the capacity of human act as incompetent and incapable compared to the powers of the divine. Human beings, upon the proper circumstances, will willingly submit themselves to a higher order or a divine power in order to take over and create a perfect society.These propositions also deal with human freedom, where the townspeople entrusts their problems to divine solution. Although the divine effects were in a sense magical and comical (blind man who, instead of regaining vision, grows extra teeth), the townspeople did not view the angel's abilities as a proper divine capability because of the lack to completely heal people.

For profit and non profit organization Essay

Both not for profit and for profit companies have many similarity and differences. A lot of companies start with the intent of making a profit. These companies also pay taxes and are called profit or for profit companies (Rodwell, & Teo, 2013). Other companies, while they can make a profit begin with the intent of helping others. These companies are not for profit or non-profit organizations. Nonprofit organizations are not allowed to make a profit, and do not pay taxes, but they might generate income. Any income generated by a nonprofit must be returned to the organization to accomplish the goals for which it was established (Anand, 2008). Regardless of its status, many companies like Goodwill Industries International and BP P.L.C. are faced with challenges that threaten the company ethically and morally. Part One: Goodwill Industries International (Not-for-Profit) Profile of Goodwill Industries: Goodwill Industries International is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization. Donations and gifts are fully tax-deductible to the degree acceptable by law. Goodwill Industries International is a worldwide social services initiative that creates opportunities for people to attain financial constancy and build durable families and lively communities by offering job training, employment assignment services and other community-based programs for people who have incapacities, those who do not have the education or job experience, and others who face difficulties finding employment (Goodwill Industries International, 2014). Goodwill supports the operations of about 165 individual Goodwill chapters in the US and Canada. Founded in 1902, Goodwill is one of the world’s leading benefactors of such services, as well as one of the largest employers in the world of the disabled (Hoovers, 2014). Areas of Interest: While it is most recognized for its 2,800 thrift stores, Goodwill concentrates on offering rehabilitation, job preparation, placement, and employment servi ces for people with disabilities and others. The company helps people to find and keep good jobs (Hoovers, 2014). Goodwill offers programs for young people, senior citizens, veterans, and people with disabilities, criminal backgrounds and other specialized needs (Goodwill Industries International, 2014). Mission statement: Goodwill works to improve the self-worth and value of life of individuals and families by reinforcing communities, removing obstacles to opportunity, and helping people in need achieve their full potential through learning and the power  of work. Goodwill strives to enhance the dignity and quality of life of individuals and families by helping people reach their full potential through education, skills training and the power of work (Goodwill Industries International, 2014). Summary of activities: (Based on 2013 Data) Last year, Goodwill assisted more than 9.8 million people prepare for careers in industries such as banking, IT and health care, and to get the backup services they needed to be successful (Hoovers, 2014). Last year the company served 9.8 million through employment and training programs, 44 million through mission services, 261, 875 received a job with Goodwill’s assistance and its estimated that those people earned $4.4 billion (Goodwill Industries International, 2014). Funding Sources: Support for Goodwill programs is produced mainly from the sale of contribution of goods, both at the retail stores and through an online auction site, and from contract work and government grants (Goodwill Industries International, 2014). The total profits produced by Goodwill organizations was $5.17 billion of which 83% was spent on programs. There are 87 million donors. Retail stores generated $3.79 billion, industrial and service contract work produced $647 million, $90 million came from government grants and $27 million from corporate and foundation grants. Individual gifts, donations and fees for services generated $46 million and government support foe mission services produced $455 millio n (Goodwill Industries International, 2014). History: Goodwill was founded in 1902 in Boston by Rev. Edgar J. Helms, a Methodist minister and early social visionary. Helms gathered old domestic goods and clothing in more affluent areas of the city, then taught and hired those who were underprivileged to fix and restore the goods (Goodwill Industries International, 2014). Goodwill Structure: Goodwill International’s CEO is Jim Gibbons. Cindy Cho Kim is the Director of International Development and currently there are two spokespeople Organization expert Lorie Marrero is the face of the Donate Movement. ABC reporter Evette Rios united with Goodwill’s cause in 2012 to help to plead to the Latin American market. Goodwill stores are self-governing organizations headed by a charitable board of directors (Goodwill Industries International, 2014). Goodwill has a connection of 165 independent, community-based Goodwill stores in the United States and Canada. Each local Goodwill must be accredited, request participation and meet specific standards created by Goodwill Industries  International (GII) (Goodwill Industries International, 2014). The GII Member Services center, is located in Rockville, MD. There are 2,900 total retail stores. Goodwill Industries of the Columbia, Inc. was initially recognized as a branch division of the Seattle Goodwill in 1961. Goodwill also has an online auction site at www.shopgoodwill.com (Goodwill Industries International, 2014). Values statement: The goods were then resold or were given to the people who fixed them. The system worked, and the Goodwill value of â€Å"a hand up, not a hand out† was established. (Goodwill Industries International, 2014). The value statement includes respect, integrity, stewardship, innovation and excellence (Goodwill Industries International, 2014). Problems: One problem that Goodwill Industries has is their view in the public eye. Many Goodwill stores are viewed as exploiters of disabled citizens. Some stores used a federal law under the Special Wage Certificate Program, to employ disabled workers at rates of 22, 38, and 41 cents per hour (Gibson, 2 013). The law allows nonprofits and companies to get a certificate that lets them to employ disabled workers â€Å"based on their abilities† at whatever salary they find suitable, with no minimum. This is compared to the $729,000 in salary and deferred compensation that the CEO, Jim Gibbson makes. The CEOs of Goodwill organizations across the U.S. mutually earned $30 million (Gibson, 2013). The problem exists because there are numerous disabled adults who still need to support themselves but cannot get hired by normal means. Management and upper administrators have the ability to ensure that all their employees work in a safe and equal working environment which proper accommodations for their disabilities. Goodwill’s response was that disabled workers would not be hired anywhere else and should be appreciative for any amount they make even if it is 22 cents. Goodwill is against eliminating the program because it would cause more harm than good (Gibson, 2013). Support for Goodwill programs is produced mainly from the sale of contribution of goods, both at the retail stores and through an online auction site, and from contract work and government grants (Goodwill Industries International, 2014). Another problem that Goodwill faces is criticisms for ripping off customers. The prices of items are for a donated used article. Goodwill has been accused of taking the better donated items and selling the products on eBay or keeping them for themselves, or calling family members to come in and purchase the items. They also sell the less desirable items in stores and price them at ridiculously expensive prices for used and donated items. According to Smith, selfishness is a fundamental driving force of human conduct (Fieser & Moseley, 2012). Companies such as Goodwill accumulate wealth through a system that presents good intentions but are driven by greed. The company has become very wealthy off of items that were completely free. Company Impact: One report indicates a decrease in donations (Begam, 2010). Donations for several local charities are at an all-time low this year. Goodwill says their donations are down 25% in their stores across the region (Begam, 2010). Many consumers are urged not to donate to Goodwill because of their treatment of disabled employees and pricing donated goods at high prices. Part Two: BP P.L.C (For-Profit) Although BP P.L.C. is a profit organization, it faces many challenges that also threaten the company ethically and morally. Profile of BP, P.L.C.: BP is one of the world’s leading international oil and gas companies. We provide customers with fuel for transportation, energy for heat and light, lubricants to keep engines moving, and the petrochemicals products used to make everyday items as diverse as paints, clothes and packaging (BP, 2014). Areas of Interest: BP’s area of interests includes finding and extracting oil and gas to producing fuels, lubricants and petrochemicals (BP, 2014). Mission Statement: Although not specifically labeled a â€Å"mission statement,† BP has a published statement of â€Å"What We Stand For†: â€Å"BP wants to be recognized as a great company – competitively successful and a force for progress. We have a fundamental belief that we can make a difference in the world. We help the world meet its growing need for heat, li ght and mobility. We strive to do that by producing energy that is affordable, secure and doesn’t damage the environment (BP, 2014). Summary of Activities: In 2013 BP completed 17 exploration wells and made seven potentially commercial discoveries in 2013. It was the most successful year for exploration drilling in almost a decade. They started three major projects in 2013 and another three in January and February 2014. They completed the commissioning of all major units for the Whiting refinery upgrade, transforming it into one of our advantaged downstream assets in our portfolio (BP, 2014). Funding  Sources: In 2013 BP had several areas of funding. Sales and other operating revenues totaled 379,136 million dollars. Earnings from joint ventures – after interest and tax totaled 447 million dollars. Earnings from associates – after interest and tax totaled 2,742 million dollars. Interest and other income totaled 777 million dollars. Gains on sale of businesses and fixed assets totaled 13,115 million dollars. Total revenues and other income totaled 396,217 million dollars and BP shareholders totaled 23,451 million dollars (BP, 2014). BP’s History: BP’s history begin with innovations, starting in 1908 with oil found in a rugged part of Persia after a long and difficult search. Since then, discoveries large and small have fuelled the company’s progress. Back in England, William D’Arcy gambled his considerable fortune on oil, and was on the verge of losing everything. It seemed that the geologists and experts who had wagged their heads encouragingly at him since 1901 had all been wrong about the oil beneath the sands of Persia. By the early morning of 26 May 1908, the whole camp reeked of sulphur. At four o’clock the drill reached 1,180 feet and a fountain of oil spewed out into the dawn sky. Within a year, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, which would one day become BP, was in business (BP, 2014). BP’s Values: Our values of safety, respect, excellence, courage and one team align explicitly with BP’s code of conduct and translate into the responsible actions necessary for the work we do every day. Our values represent the qualities and actions we wish to see in BP, they guide the way we do business and the decisions we make (BP, 2014). Structure: BP’s businesses are organized to deliver the energy products and services people around the world need right now. It has 102,498 locations and its international headquarters in located in St James’s Square, London Its Upstream segment is responsible for activities in oil and natural gas exploration, field development and production. Its Downstream segment focuses on fuels, lubricants and petrochemicals. BP is one of the world’s leading international oil and gas companies. They provide customers with fuel for transportation, energy for heat and light, lubricants to keep engines moving, and the petrochemicals products used to make everyday items as diverse as paints, clothes and packaging (BP, 2014). Problems: One problem that BP faces results from the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. The company faces many lawsuits. BP is front and center because of  its high-profile role in the disaster, not to mention its deep pockets and its reputation as a global business power. Current estimates have BP setting aside about $32 billion to cover cleanup, legal claims, fines, and other costs related to the spill. So, clearly BP is planning on taking the brunt of the legal blame — and the biggest financial hit, for contributing to the worst oil spill in the nation’s history (Nolo, 2014). Another problem the company faces is the mandated cleanup fines that the government is requiring the company to pay. According to Smith, selfishness is a fundamental driving force of human conduct (Fieser & Moseley, 2012). Companies such as BP accumulate wealth by using resources from the Earth. The company is subject to lawsuits and cleanup fines because of the numerous livelihoods that were damaged and the damage cause to the environment as a result of the oil spill the government requires the company to supply. Recently, BP Oil and Gas filed a petition with US Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia seeking review of a lower court’s decision to have BP continue making payments to the affected parties related to the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill and stop payments to claimants while litigation continues (Matthew, 2014). Impact to Company: Initially, BP had a negative public view and maintained its stock. However, by late June, BP was trading in the $27 range. Fewer analysts recommended buying BP and a few recommended that investors sell. Coincidentally, this was all about the same time as or shortly after BP agreed to put $20 billion into an escrow account to pay for spill-related damages and announced it would not pay stock dividends in 2010 (Lawyers.com, 2014). In addition as of 2013, BP spent $26 billion on response efforts. Part Three: Personal Ethical Evaluation Goodwill Industries International Goodwill’s primary response was driven by selfish motives (Fieser & Moseley, 2012) and morally irresponsible. The company’s response that the people should be grateful and not complain about their wages brings a negative view upon the company. According to Fieser and Moseley (2012), the moral subjectivist thinks that right and wrong is decided by what, the subject of the situation, thinks or feels is right or wrong. However the average person  working in the United States expects to receive minimum wage for working, because it is the norm or culturally relative (Fieser & Moseley, 2012). The culture of the United States would view Goodwill as taking advantage of already limited people. Ethical egoism implies that people act so as to maximize their self-interest (Fieser & Moseley, 2012). Goodwill felt that it was doing a greater good by hiring those who would not normally have gotten employment. Morally speaking, they were within the confines of the law to operate as su ch. Because Goodwill used the Special Wage Certificate Program, to employ disabled workers at rates cents per hour (Gibson, 2013) they were legally justified in their actions. The law allows nonprofits and companies to get a certificate that lets them to employ disabled workers â€Å"based on their abilities† at whatever salary they find suitable, with no minimum. On the other side of this coin is that Goodwill receives grant money from the government for operating as a nonprofit organization and actually helping people in the community. Even though the attempt was noble, they could have done more to improve the situation. Though they hired a demographic of people that would normally remain unemployable, they could have offered a salary that demonstrates a level of equality, fairness or self-worth. In many cases these people were working for less than eight dollars a day. They spent more money in expenses getting to work than they actually made at work. Some of the people complained about that very issue also, that they did not make enough money to cover rent. This is compared to the $729,000 in salary and deferred compensation that the CEO, Jim Gib bson makes. The CEOs of Goodwill organizations across the U.S. mutually earned $30 million (Gibson, 2013). The company received 90 million dollars government grants and $27 million from corporate and foundation grants in 2013. Goodwill offered a potential solution to a difficult situation. In doing so, the company created a problem for themselves. It could have been prevented had they offered an acceptable wage compensation to the disable employees. One way Goodwill can address the issue with the treatment of its employees is to consider the triple bottom line, which implies that successful companies must pursue three distinct values: people, the planet, and profit (Fieser & Moseley, 2012). There should be social benefit to workers and the community, environmental benefit with the implementation of sustainable ecological practices, and economic benefit only after all hidden  environmental costs have been factored in. In doing so, if Goodwill hires employees, then they should pay them minimum wage and accommodate their job assignments according to their ability regardless of their level of ability. They should also offer opportunity for raises and promotion. This ensures that everyone gets equal pay and fair treatment. One solution for the issue of greed is to put into place quality assurance representatives and to create a price list for different categories of items. This ensures that all items are priced the same across the country. The price list should have a price range, which includes the lowest and highest prices that items can be priced within their category. For example, a lamp can be priced from $3.00 to $5.00 depending on quality. This solution is possible but would require extreme communication across the nation. It would also require store representatives to ensure that these policies were followed and to ensure that all donations are inventoried properly. BP P.L.C BP’s primary response was utilitarian driven (Williams, 1973) and morally responsible (Fieser & Moseley, 2012). The company was motivated by the idea to make things right. The company’s response to set finances aside for the cleanup efforts and to assist those affected by the oil spill was their way of taking responsibility for the harm that their operations and property caused on the environment and lives in the Gulf area. The oil spill was a direct result of the company drilling in the Gulf. The thousands of gallons of oil that flooded the area affected animal life and eventually the livelihood of fishermen. BP plc was faced with managing the crisis and examining the causes of its organizational failure. At the core of the issue is a failed organizational culture. The problem could have been prevented had BP ensured that all safety measures for drilling were being used. As time passed, BP became more driven by ethical egoism. They began to act so as to maximize their self-interest. They no longer wanted to pay the families who were affected and wanted courts to reevaluate the situation to determine if they were still obligated to pay these families for the oil spill that killed and poisoned wildlife, animals and fish (Matthew, 2014). Even though the company’s initial response was admirable, they came back with an actions that demonstrated that they are truly a profit company and wanted to stop all obligation to pay those who were affected by the oil  spill. The company agreed to put $20 billion into an escrow account to pay for spill-related. They eventually paid $26 billion in issued related to the oil spill (Gibson, 2013). BP could have do more to help the situation analyzed the damage caused by the oil spill to determine lasting effects on fishermen’s livelihoods. The company can set aside more money to assist in future cleanup efforts, provide funding to local environmental services for testing and cleanup efforts. BP can also settle all reasonable lawsuits. This will help its public image and provide closure for families who lost their livelihood. The company can set aside money for environmental service agencies to test toxicity levels, population and regeneration of different animal species and any future cleanup efforts. These solutions are possible because eventually BP will have to pay more in legal fees, lawsuits or fines. These solutions offer them the chance to get ahead of the problem and be proactive Part Four: Critique of Company’s Actions Goodwill Industries International Goodwill’s actions and motivation seem to reflect self-interest and at times down right greed. The company’s response that the people should be grateful and not complain about their wages brings a negative view upon the company. According to Fieser and Moseley (2012), the moral subjectivist thinks that right and wrong is decided by what, the subject of the situation, thinks or feels is right or wrong. Even though Goodwill’s administration would have viewed the hiring of disabled people at such a low wage as acceptable, many would not. The average person working in the United States expects to receive minimum wage for working, because it is the norm or culturally relative (Fieser & Moseley, 2012). The culture of the United States would view Goodwill as taking advantage of already limited people. Ethical egoism implies that people act so as to maximize their self-interest (Fieser & Moseley, 2012). Goodwill felt that it was doing a greater good by hiring those who would not normally have gotten employment. Morally speaking, they were within the confines of the law to operate as such. Because Goodwill used the Special Wage Certificate Program, to employ disabled workers at rates cents per hour (Gibson, 2013) they were legally justified in their  actions. The law allows nonprofits and companies to get a certificate that lets them to employ disabled workers â€Å"based on their abilities† at whatever salary they find suitable, with no minimum. The company’s response should have been response was utilitarian driven (Williams, 1973). This approach would have allowed the company to view the disabled as people worthy of the respect of being treated and paid equally. Just because they â€Å"can† legally pay these employees less does not mean that it is the correct thing to do. Right and wrong could have been determined by a cost-benefit analysis. Because the company receives so many millions to help fund programs like employing disable people, they would not have lost anything financially to pay the people at least minimum wage. There could have been several benefits, such as a more positive public view, sustained donations from the public and a developing a program that actually helps the community. BP P.L.C. BP’s primary response was utilitarian driven (Williams, 1973) and morally responsible (Fieser & Moseley, 2012). The company was motivated by the idea to make things right. The company’s response to set finances aside for the cleanup efforts and to assist those affected by the oil spill was their way of taking responsibility for the harm that their operations and property caused on the environment and lives in the Gulf area. As time passed, BP became more driven by ethical egoism. They began to act so as to maximize their self-interest. They no longer wanted to pay the families who were affected and wanted courts to reevaluate the situation to determine if they were still obligated to pay these families for the oil spill that killed and poisoned wildlife, animals and fish (Matthew, 2014). (1) Moral Subjectivism In its common form, Moral Subjectivism amounts to the denial of moral principles of any significant kind, and the possibility of moral criticism and argumentation. In essence, ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ lose their meaning because so long as someone thinks or feels that some action is ‘right’, there are no grounds for criticism.à  If you are a moral subjectivist, you cannot object to anyone’s behaviour (assuming people are in fact acting in accordance with what they think or feel is right).à  This shows the key flaw  in moral subjectivism — probably nearly everyone thinks that it is legitimate to object, on moral grounds, to at least some peoples’ actions.à  That is, it is possible to disagree about moral issues. (2) Cultural Relativism Right and wrong is determined by the particular set of principles or rules the relevant culture just happens to hold at the time. Cultural Relativism is closely linked to Moral Subjectivism.à  It implies that we cannot criticize the actions of those in cultures other than our own.à  And again, it amounts to the denial of universal moral principles.à  Also, it implies that a culture cannot be mistaken about what is right and wrong (which seems not to be true), and so it denies the possibility of moral advancement (which also seems not to be true). (3) Ethical Egoism Right and wrong is determined by what is in your self-interest.à  Or, it is immoral to act contrary to your self-interest. Ethical Egoism is usually based upon Psychological Egoism — that we, by nature, act selfishly.à  Ethical egoism does not imply hedonism or that we ought to aim for at least some ‘higher’ goods (e.g., wisdom, political success), but rather that we will (ideally) act so as to maximize our self interest.à  This may require that we forgo some immediate pleasures for the sake of achieving some long term goals.à  Also, ethical egoism does not exclude helping others.à  However, egoists will help others only if this will further their own interests. An ethical egoist will claim that the altruist helps others only because they want to (perhaps because they derive pleasure out of helping others) or because they think there will be some personal advantage in doing so.à  That is, they deny the possibility of genuine altruism (because they think we are all by nature selfish).à  This leads us to the key implausibility of Ethical Egoism — that the person who helps others at the expense of their self-interest is actually acting immorally.à  Many think that the ethical egoist has misunderstood the concept of morality — i.e., morality is the system of practical reasoning through which we are guided to constrain our  self-interest, not further it.à  Also, thatà  genuine altruism is indeed possible, and relatively commonly exhibited. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is a very simple view that matches common sense – right and wrong can be determined by a cost-benefit analysis. We must consider all the good and bad consequences when deciding if an action is right. Utilitarians disagree about what counts as â€Å"good† or â€Å"bad.† Some think that fulfilling desires is good and thwarting desires is bad, classic utilitarians think that happiness is good and suffering is bad, and pluralists believe that there are multiple â€Å"intrinsic goods† that are worth promoting. An action will then be said to be â€Å"right† as long as it satisfactorily causes good consequences compared to alternative actions, and it will be â€Å"wrong† if it doesn’t. Utilitarianism doesn’t discriminate or encourage egoism. It is wrong to harm others to benefit yourself because everyone counts. What counts as â€Å"satisfactory† will not be agreed upon by all philosophers. Originally some philosophers suggested that only the â€Å"best† action we could possibly perform is â€Å"right,† but this is an extreme, impractical, and oppressive view. Why? Whenever you are taking a shower or spending time with friends it would probably be better to be doing something else, such as helping the needy, but it is absurd to say that you are always doing wrong whenever you are taking a shower or spending time with friends. Additionally, it isn’t clear that there is a â€Å"best† course of action always available to us. There might be an unlimited number of actions we can perform and at least one of them could be better than what we choose to do. Corporate sustainability includes many normal business practices. The oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico provides a classic example of how failure to be sustainable can lead to an overall organizational failure of mandate, and a failure to serve stakeholders. BP plc was faced with managing the crisis and examining the causes of its organizational failure. At the core of the issue is a failed organizational culture. This paper examines what events and  organizational values have led to the crisis and what changes to organizational culture would be required, to avoid a repeat event and begin to create a sustainable organization. Reference: Arnold, D. H., & McKay, R. (2013). Sustainable Enterprises: Crisis Management and Culture Transformation for BP. Business and Management Research, 2(3), p16. Chicago Anand, S. (2008). Not†for†Profit Organizations. Essentials of Corporate Governance, 163-177. Matthew, J. 2014. BP Asks US Supreme Court to Halt Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Payments Retrieved from http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/bp-asks-us-supreme-court-halt-gulf-mexico-oil-spill-payments-1450360 Rodwell, J. J., & Teo, S. T. (2013). STRATEGIC NRM lN FOR-PROFIT ANO NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS IN A KNOWLEDGE-INTENSIVE INDUSTRY. Human Resource Management in the Public Sector, 9. Williams, B. (1973). A critique of utilitarianism. Cambridge/UK.

Retail Market Analysis - Mobile Phone Retailing in the UK for the last Essay

Retail Market Analysis - Mobile Phone Retailing in the UK for the last quarter of 2011 (October December) - Essay Example Current paper focuses on the mobile phone industry of UK; the country’s mobile retail market is analysed emphasizing on the last quarter of 2011. Reference is also made to the industry’s performance in the past, especially during 2011, since it is considered as a valid indicator of the industry’s performance not only in the last quarter of 2011 but also in the future. A problem has appeared when reviewing the performance of the sector’s major competitors for the last quarter of 2011: not all of these firms publish their financial accounts and it was not possible to retrieve these figures through the organizations’ websites. However, where such information was not available, other websites, providing information on this issue, have been used as alternatives for identifying the financial performance of mobile retailing firms in UK for the 4th Quarter of 2011. Also, where figures are not available for the particular period of time, such as for example in the case of Hutchison, reference is made to the performance of the firm for the entire 2011 so that the comparison of the performance of the firm with its rivals to be feasible. Mobile phone sector in the UK - overview Mobile phone industry is quite valuable for the UK economy. Currently, the mobile connections in UK are estimated to 81 million (Mobile Operators Association 2012). In fact, the sector’s operators have managed to gain about a 71% of the telecommunications sector in UK (Mobile Operators Association 2012).... Five are the sector’s competitors, as highlighted in Figure 1 below. Customers of these firms seem to be quite satisfied with the services provided to them; in a survey conducted in 2010 it was revealed that a percentage of 93% of the industry’s customers are quite satisfied with the quality of customer services within the particular industry (Mobile Operators Association 2012). The key point for the transformation of the UK mobile retailing industry has been the merger of Orange UK with T Mobile UK in July, the 1st of 2010 (Everything Everywhere 2010). Since then, the distribution of power among the industry’s competitors has been significantly changed, as analysed below. 3. Mobile phone sector in the UK for the last quarter of 2011 (October – December) – industry analysis 3.1 Competition As already noted above, five are the major competitors in the UK mobile phone industry (Figure 1); through the years, these firms have tried to keep their share i ntact, despite the high industry’s competition (Figure 2). The graph in Figure 1 reveals that new entrants or substitute products do not threaten the performance of the industry’s major competitors, as this issue is taken into consideration when evaluating a firm’s performance using the Porter’s five forces model on industry competition. In fact, the market share of these firms seems to be standardized, being kept at same levels from 2008 up to 2010 (Figure 1). A similar trend, in terms of performance, would be expected for 2011, as also verified by the graph in Figure 2. Figure 1 – Five major competitors in the UK mobile phone industry, performance for the period 4thQ of 2008 up to the 1stQ of 2010 (Source: Telecoms Market Research 2011) On the other hand, the graph in Figure 2 below reveals a

Nursing Situation (evidence-Based) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nursing Situation (evidence-Based) - Assignment Example It was a devastating experience for the entire team and the patient since it altered his life. It damaged the reputation of the health facility after the patient filed a legal suit, causing financial loss and needless suffering and pain. On further review of the cause of the incident, it was noted that the patient’s test results had been mixed up, there were incorrect markings, there was poor communication between the nurses and the doctors, poor teamwork, and there was miscommunication on whether it is the patient’s right or left limb that was to be amputated. Consequently, the jury found the facility liable of negligence and was heavily fined. The ECRI Institute (2008) affirms that some of the major intervention measures that should be prioritised in order to avoid erroneous operations are the utilization of scheduling forms, ensuring that the entire team has verified a patient’s information prior to the procedure, making sure that the nurses or physicians selected have performed the right site marking, and using time check-outs. A culture of effective and open communication between the nurses and the patients, as well as the OR team should be cultivated to help prevent future cases of wrong site surgeries. Moreover, team policies, procedures and dynamics that include having a comprehensive checklist is also critical in avoiding reoccurrences. This means that before commencing the procedure or entering the room, the hospital and the entire team should check if they are operating the right person, if they are conducting the right procedure, and whether they are doing it on the right side or part of the body. The OR nurses should also practice patience with the patients when asking them questions with regard to their operation. It is also important to offer perioperative nurses with sound information on wrong site surgeries to enhance patients’ health and safety. Additionally,

Investment Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Investment Plan - Assignment Example 2. Accounting Rate of Return: Accounting Rate of Return is based on accounting profit. Accounting Rate of Profit (ARR) can be defined as the percentage of Average Annual Profit of an Investment to the Average Investment. Where, Average Investment = (Initial investment + scrap value) / 2 Advantages: By using Profit figures, this technique relates to the return on capital employed directly. The result of this calculation is in percentage, which is easily understandable by most business people. Disadvantage: Here also it ignores the time value of money It uses the accounting profit rather than cash flows. Cash flows represent solid power over resources, whereas Accounting profits are subjected to the application of accounting concepts. 3. Net Present Value: It is a discounted cash flow method of investment appraisal. It uses the method of discounting future cash flows to its present values. The sum of the future cash flows less the initial investment gives the Net Present value of a Project. Advantages: Its main strength is its recognition of time value of money. As it considers cash flow for calculation, it is not affected by the accounting policy of a particular company. As it takes account of the costs of raising finance, a positive NPV reflects the increase in shareholders' wealth, which is supposed to be the main consideration of Project appraisal. Disadvantages: This is a bit cumbersome process of calculating the discount rate with the nature of finance available. It gives result in absolute figures, and does not allow for the size of the project. 4. Internal Rate of Return: Internal Rate of Return is the discount rate that gives a zero NPV....The sum of the future cash flows less the initial investment gives the Net Present value of a Project. 4. Internal Rate of Return: Internal Rate of Return is the discount rate that gives a zero NPV. The acceptance criteria of this method of appraisal are; IRR should be greater than the discount rate on the presumption that a project with higher IRR than the discount rate generates higher returns. Calculation of IRR is easier as it does not require precise cost of capital discount rate. To accept a project it is enough to see that the IRR sufficiently higher than the approximate cost of capital. To summerize complex accounting information into relatively small no. of key indicators ratios are used. This also makes comparison easier. As we are now going to make comparison between the performance of M/s Sukna and M/s Badra we should utilize the ratio analysis method. Traditionally ratios are classified into five groups. We should look into the ratios for which data is available with us. This is known as primary ratio as it goes to the heart of what most private sector firms try to achieve. This ratio gives the effectiveness of the assets financed both by shareholders and long term creditors. This ratio should be as high as possible. Gross Profit Margin = Gross Profit / Sales X 100%. This ratio does not give a clear picture but it can give some trend.

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Financial Management - Essay Example The general principles are not followed to the letter rather they are applied in spirit. The following is a brief summary of some of the most important Rules: Favorable deals are banned and will not be provided to selected shareholders. Same information must be given to all shareholders. The issuer is responsible for the contents of takeover circulars by attaching a statement taking responsibility for the contents. All forecasts relating to profit and valuations of assets must be reported on by professional level advisers and be made as per specified standards. If any unproven or incorrect statements have been made then they need to be immediately rectified by way of public announcement. If an offer has been made then it must be brought to the attention of both the staff of offeror and the offeree. All those actions which might frustrate the offer during the offer making process by the target company are generally prohibited unless shareholders approve these plans. The disclosures of dealings in relevant securities during an offer have established stringent requirements. B. Identify and examine the economic reasons for acquisitions and mergers and discuss why the expected economic benefits may not be reached. The economic reason for acquisitions and mergers is based on the idea that there are two separate companies alone they have limited potential and can offer limited profit on share holder investment hence the primary motivating force for acquiring a company is to generate greater shareholder value for the shareholders. The proponents of acquisitions and mergers are of the view that one separate company on its own has less value but when two companies are merged together they become more valuable. It can also create greater cost efficiency via economies of scale, can augment the company’s profits through gaining a greater market share and tax gains can also be generated. This logic is very appealing to companies during trying times say an economic rec ession. Those companies with a strong financial base will move to acquire rival companies to ensure a more competitive, cost-efficient company. By acquiring or merging with other companies they will hope to attain a larger market share or to attain greater efficiency say by acquiring a particular technology or production process (Sloman & Sutcliffe 2004, pp. 325-330). Due to these potential benefits, companies targeted for acquisition will often agree to be acquired when they know their going concern status is in jeopardy. The expected benefits of acquisitions and mergers may not bear fruit because if we were to look at historical trends they confirm that roughly 66.6% of big merger’s value will decline on the stock market due to its bullish trend or that both the companies who have merged have different corporate cultures. One of the reasons that an acquisition or merger fails is because of the flawed intentions of the parties involved. They might be instituting merger or ac quisition because one of their competitors has undergone a merger, which pushes top executives of other companies to imitate this move and when this happens chances are the merger may often have more to do with seeking glory instead of pursuing business strategy (Maps of

Macroeconomics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Macroeconomics - Research Paper Example This in turn influences the supply of money in the market. b) TRUE: Increased competition in the product market could cause an increase in the equilibrium rate of unemployment. When there is increased competition, firms sell products. The reduction in selling prices forces firms to reduce their production cost through reduction of their labour requirements. Therefore increases level of unemployment. c) TRUE: Fiscal policy includes taxation and government expenditure. Investment is function of saving. Government can induce public spending through public investment. If the government investment is a constant figure, then the only option is to manipulate tax. In this situation the tax increase or decrease can only increase the government expenditure which is exogenous. Thus no effect on national saving. IS curve-It combines the equilibrium levels where the commodity market is at equilibrium. If interest rates go pup, then the gross domestic product (GDP) goes down. If interest rates go down, the level of GDP goes up .. Investment is function of saving. Government can induce public spending through public investment. If the government investment is a constant figure, then the only option is to manipulate tax. In this situation the tax increase or decrease can only increase the government expenditure which is exogenous. Thus no effect on national saving. I=f(s) Where I; investment and S is national saving. d) TRUE: Multiplier effect is the effect of a change in investment on income 'Y'. It was true that if consumption and investment are exogenous the Keynesian multiplier equals one Question three If there is an increase in deposits of bank reserves will lead to less money supply. IS curve-It combines the equilibrium levels where the commodity market is at equilibrium. If interest rates go pup, then the gross domestic product (GDP) goes down. If interest rates go down, the level of GDP goes up LM curve- it joins together combinations of the rate of interest and national income at which the monetary sector is at equilibrium. IS curve - Joins the combinations of rate of interest and levels of income at which the product market is at equilibrium. Factors that cause a shift in LM curve are a) Change in transaction demand for money b) Change in the speculative demand for money c) Change in the money supply An increase in money supply will shift the LM curve to the right. A decrease shifts the LM curve to the left. In our case where there is a decrease in money supply, we expect the LM curve shift to the left. In the short run Effects of decreased money supply. From the above graph, it is evident that the rate of interest goes up from ie to i1. The level of output also goes down from Ye to Yi. The inflation level also goes up due to an increase

Reading For Student with Hearing Impairment Term Paper

Reading For Student with Hearing Impairment - Term Paper Example The lesson lists out the typical obstacles and challenges in the reading process and also triggering the kids to find more quality time for expansive reading. The lesson also attempts to further the desire amongst the kids who already have shown the urge for picking books and reading on their volition. In the end, the main objective of the lesson is to create a challenge aimed at aiding in the motivation of all kid to the reading cultures. The objective also outlines the main challenges, missions, and timeline for gaining of certain traits in the reading culture. It also outlines and creates ample time for the teachers to read to this kid while using hearing aid thus aiding in the pronunciation of vocabularies.  The lesson lists out the typical obstacles and challenges in the reading process and also triggering the kids to find more quality time for expansive reading. The lesson also attempts to further the desire amongst the kids who already have shown the urge for picking books a nd reading on their volition. In the end, the main objective of the lesson is to create a challenge aimed at aiding in the motivation of all kid to the reading cultures. The objective also outlines the main challenges, missions, and timeline for gaining of certain traits in the reading culture. It also outlines and creates ample time for the teachers to read to this kid while using hearing aid thus aiding in the pronunciation of vocabularies.   The literacy lesson notes hearing impairment as the main hindrance to normal learning.

Quiz Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Quiz - Coursework Example consumption behavior, tastes and preferences, and change behavior. The model is action oriented and is mainly used by marketers in order to improve the presence of the business in the market. Matrix Model-In economics, matrix model is a reflection of various interrelationships between different economic elements. The model brings together into a single table the balance of output distribution and that of inputs for better analysis. Virtual Model-It is a digital description of a physical object. The model is mainly used in creation of 3D features for the purpose of virtualization. This is mainly used in the film industry and architectural sector. Focus group-It is a strategy used in qualitative research which entails identifying a specific group of study to be analyzed over a specified period of time. The researcher uses the group to study their behavior, perception, or any other topic of study. On-the-job training-It is training that takes place in the normal working situation. It entails one person showing the other on how to complete a specific task more effectively. It is also referred to as direct instruction. Apprenticeship-It is a form of training the new generation of practitioners which occurs in the normal working environment. It occurs while one is working for an employer who helps the trainee (apprentice) to learn new skills. Behavioral Modeling-It is an approach to control theory which aims at reducing inconsistencies. Of importance to note about the approach is that it does not differentiate between input and output variables. Cultural diversity-It is having various cultures which respect each other’s differences. It is having different people who emanates from different cultural backgrounds but tolerates each other’s cultural aspects. Diversity Training-It is an instructional course that aims at increasing people’s awareness on diverse

Demand and suppy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Demand and suppy - Essay Example With regard to the case assignment reading i.e. "What is Driving Oil Prices?" by Richard G. Anderson and Jason J. Buol, it is observed that in the period of August 2004, according to the observation of the International Energy Agency, global oil demand had been rising faster in comparison with any other phase in the previous 16 years. A key reason behind such hike in demand is the quick economic expansion of a number of nations in particular China. Moreover, China had accounted for around 40% of the demand growth regarding global oil production in the period of early 2000s and this demand had been expected to augment rapidly. With regard to supply, it can be said that issues such as political conflicts in nations like Iraq and Venezuela have had a major effect on the fluctuation of oil prices. Contextually, as per the assessment made, it is determined that factors such as enhanced speculation can be a major aspect in affecting oil prices (Anderson and Buol, "What is Driving Oil Price s?"). Both the demand & supply of oil are comparatively inflexible in the short run period. Changes in price have modest impact on either the ‘quantity supplied’ or the ‘quantity demanded’. ... Meanwhile as the quantities demanded as well as supplied change very less as the prices rise & fall, both the curves are reasonably vertical as shown below: Figure 1: Elasticity and Prices Source: (Stonebraker, â€Å"Demand and Supply Applied: Oil Prices†) Due to the reason that quantities are reasonably fixed in the short run period, any alteration in supply or demand will bring about considerable extent of changes in price. For example, if it is assumed that supply has fallen, the reduced supply generates a short-term shortage that will begin to boost price. If demand is elastic, only a small hike in price will be needed to get consumers to cut their purchases to as much as necessary in order to meet the new lowered output. Nonetheless, in the oil industry if demand is inelastic, it will assume a much greater price escalation to create the required reduction in quantity necessitated (Stonebraker, â€Å"Demand and Supply Applied: Oil Prices†). 2a. EXPLAIN WHAT HAPPENS TO QUANTITY OF OIL DEMANDED WHEN THE PRICE OF OIL DECREASES, ASSUMING THAT THE SUPPLY DOESN’T CHANGE. Quantity demanded generally refers to a definite amount that will be demanded each unit of related time at a specific price, if other aspects remain fixed. Market equilibrium is a condition where demand and supply for a certain product matches. The price and quantity only remains fixed at the point of interaction of the demand and supply curve. In accordance with the question, it can be stated that if the price of oil falls then the quantity of oil demanded will definitely surge as oil is a price sensitive product and its demand stands always higher. In terms of movement of curve, it can be said that the curve will shift to the right. The effect of the above

Muet preparation Essay Example for Free

Muet preparation Essay Task A – Individual presentation Given the situation, you now have:  · 2 minutes to prepare your responses  · 2 minutes to present Tips:  · Study the scenario or topic given carefully  · Double check which candidate you are (A, B, C, D) to make sure you don’t prepare another candidate’s speech  · Make sure you don’t run out of topic  · Prepare 2 to 3 points to present on  · You MUST agree with the point that is given to you (you can disagree or favor another point in Task B)  · Make full use of the 2 minutes that you have. Don’t go less than 1 minute 45 seconds / more than 2 minutes.  · If you don’t have as many points to speak about, talk slower.  · Don’t relax after your turn! Keep an attentive ear to what the other candidates are talking about.  · Write down the other students’ answers as they present their 2-minute speech (to prepare yourself for Task B) Sample answer: Candidate A Hi, a very good morning to the examiners and my fellow friends. As we are talking about how a person’s character can be influenced by another person, the persons whom I think have the most influence in a person’s life are – parents. There are three reasons why I think so. Firstly, parents are the people whom know us since birth. We become like the person whom we spend the most time with. Parents are the people whom we see every day from the moment we are born, till the day we are adults. Hence, very naturally, they become the people whom we look up to and start imitating the way they talk, act, and even think. My second reason is because parents are the first educators to their child before anybody else. Table manners and basic etiquettes are taught at home, by the parents. This gives an influence so vast that we ourselves fail to recognize it sometimes Thirdly, parents are the ones who impart values into our lives. Values are assets which we hold on to for the rest of our lives – and this is the greatest influence of all. Values are what we make our decisions upon, and it is what shapes our character.

UMUC Haircut’s Essay Example for Free

UMUC Haircut’s Essay Introduction Mrs. Morningstar’s business â€Å"UMUC Haircut’s† opened in 1995 and her business has grown gradually over the years. When it first opened its doors, it was the only barbershop in a 10 mile radius. Since then, many other competing businesses have opened and could affect the revenue for UMUC haircuts. There is also news that a Hair Cuttery (offering men’s and women’s haircuts and styling only) will open about 5 miles away in a shopping center across the street. This evaluation of the business will help determine how â€Å"UMUC Haircuts† operates and determine a strategy for competitive advantages to increase revenue over other competing Salons. Five Forces Analysis Buyer Power (Impact: neutral / Affect Strategy: no) We need to think about what the customer’s needs are. When does the customer like to schedule his/her appointment? What services does the customer utilize? What are some ways for the customer to provide feedback for what they want? When customers have several options for what they want to purchase, this type of power can drive the prices down, especially with the news that a Hair Cuttery opening about 5 miles away in a shopping center across the street could give customers yet another option to go to another competitor in the area. Supplier Power (Impact: negative / Affect Strategy: yes) Here we assess how easy it is for suppliers to drive up prices. This is driven by the number of supplier’s uniqueness of their products. We can choose other suppliers however we must consider quality products. Quality doesn’t always mean the cheapest. Mrs. Morningstar doesn’t have the knowledge or means to research and find a cheaper supplier. Threat of substitute products or services (Impact: negative / Affect Strategy: yes) The threat of substitute is real with the news of more competitors coming in to the area, which can cause UMUC Haircuts customers to find a different place that provide the same type of services that Mrs. Morningstar’s business currently provides. Mrs. Morningstar needs to build a schedule for her clients so she doesn’t lose her current customers and also attract new clientele. Threat of New Entrants (Impact: negative / Affect Strategy: yes) Mrs. Morningstar should be very concerned of threats of new entrants because of the new hair salon opening up 5 miles from UMUC Haircuts and the prices of her products and possibly rates rising. The cost to open new business is high even though not everyone can afford it but it is also important to take into account that this is a commercial area near a college campus; therefore it attracts more business to the areas. Rivalry among existing competitors (Impact: negative / Affect Strategy: yes) Threat of existing competitors services is high. Mrs. Morningstar doesn’t have the means of contacting customers and doesn’t have the means of offering her customers promotional offers. This is critical since she also doesn’t have any automation to help her run the business. Everything is done manually. If UMUC haircut’s offers products and services that no-one else is offering, than the UMUC Haircuts’ can dominate the competition. Right now UMUC haircut’s is offering the same products as their competitors and this could affect UMUC haircuts strategy for a competitive advantage. Strategy for Competitive Advantage by integrating software applications Mrs. Morningstar has selected Operational Effectiveness strategy for competitive advantage. This strategy will improve the manner in which internal business processes are executed so that the UMUC Haircuts performs similar activities better than rivals. With the addition of the POS system (Point of Sale Systems) is the only complete salon software application that will help UMUC Haircuts manage the salon to increased profits with features like appointment book, client management, inventory, marketing and accounting. Therefore you save time and money by not having to enter information manually in record books. Mrs. Morningstar can breathe easy knowing that everyday scheduling errors are eliminated. This system insures that an employee doesnt get scheduled for a service that they dont provide. The POS will only allow you to schedule the services that you have selected for that particular employee. Process to be Improve is the addition of Automation Mrs. Morningstar has identified to provide services better than her competitors, she needs to improve scheduling employees and customers. Mrs. Morningstar also selected the strategy of Operational Effectiveness which is to improve her standard of operations internally and goes hand in hand with the fundamentals of her business. Automating Mrs. Morningstar appointment book will help you organize your employee schedules, expedite client check in and check out, and generate concise activity reports. Employee commissions are automatically calculated at check out. Client messages automatically pop up when the client checks in or out. Reordering inventory is also automated with built in purchase orders. She can also print work tickets with client history for your employees to know what to charge and give the best customer service possible. Using automation can save UMUC Haircuts time and money. STRATEGY FOR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: Operational Effectiveness of business operations. PROCESS TO BE IMPROVED: Scheduling of employees schedules and customers appointments. References Baltzan, P. (2013). Business Driven Information Systems (4th ed.). (pp. 2-25). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Joseph, C. Keys to Opening a Successful Gym. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/keys-opening-successful-gym-15617.html

The City Of Bath, England

The City Of Bath, England The City of Bath and the beautiful countryside which surrounds it have been described as one of Englands most beautiful places to visit. Bath is situated within the south west of England and is a fabulous city to visit. The population  [1]  of the city is 169,040. It was granted city status by Royal Charter by Queen Elizabeth I in 1590. The city was founded, among surrounding hills, in the valley of the River Avon around naturally occurring hot springs where the Romans built baths and a temple, giving it the name Aquae Sulis. Much later, it became popular as a spa resort during the Georgian era, which led to a major expansion that left a heritage of exemplary Georgian architecture crafted from Bath Stone. Bath and its stunning surrounding countryside offers tourists a multitude of fantastic places to visit from stately homes and gardens to the impressive Stonehenge. As City of Bath the city became a World Heritage Site in 1987. The city has a variety of theatres, museums, and other cultural and sporting venues, which have helped to make it a major centre for tourism, with over one million staying visitors and 3.8 million day visitors to the city each year  [2]  . The city has two universities and several schools and colleges. There is a large service sector and growing information and communication technologies and creative industries, providing employment for the population of Bath and the surrounding area. Source: www.maps.google.co.uk Historical Background: A city which is one of the most beautiful cities in the world, making it the ideal city break destination and Bath is a World Heritage City (UNESCO), featuring the famous Roman Baths Pump Room and simply stunning Georgian period architecture. The history of city came across the different periods started from Roman era. Roman Period: After the Invasion of Britain by Romans in 43 AD, Bath was also occupied by Romans. The worship of Sulis continued in the Roman times. Thats why during Roman period, grand temples, and bathing complexes were built. In the 3rd century, the city was given defensive walls. But with the start of 4th century, the Roman Empire and its urban sprawl declined while the some of the suit of Baths were in use.The Roman Baths Post Roman and Saxon Period: In this period, the Anglo- Saxon Chronicle mentioned the falling of Bath into West Saxons after the battle of Deorham in 577 AD. The name `Bath` came from the Baoum or Baoan given by Anglo-Saxons. By the 9th century, after the Royal possession, the old Roman street pattern had been lost and with King Alfred laid out the town afresh leaving abbey precinct in the south. Norman, Medieval and Tudor Period: By the 15th century, some major churches were badly dilapidated like the abbey Church. After the status of Spa city, the baths were improved and maintained; city began to attract the aristocracy again. Finally in 1590, Bath was granted as city status by Royal Charter. 17th Century Period: In this period, the heath giving properties of the hot mineral waters came to the attention of whole country and the aristocracy also started to partake in them, invented by the Thomas Guidott, a student of chemistry from Wadham College Oxford in 1676. Also he wrote A discourse of Bathe, and the hot waters there with some inquiries into the nature of water. Old Character of Bath Streets Georgian Period: There had been much rebuilding in the Stuart period, but this was eclipsed by the massive expansion of Bath in Georgian times. The old town within the walls was also largely rebuilt. This was a response to the continuing demand for elegant accommodation for the citys fashionable visitors, for whom Bath had become a pleasure resort as well as a spa. In the early 18th century, the development of first purpose-built theatre, assembly rooms etc came into existence. The use of Sedan Chairs also can be seen into this period by Grand Georgian people (rich people). Victorian Period: In this period, Bath crossed the population of 40020 according to Census 1801 it came into the list of largest cities of Britain. Bath Spa rail station was also built in this period for the Great Western Railway. 20th Century Period: During World War II, Bath faced three air raids, 400 people were killed and more than 19000 buildings were damaged destroyed. Houses in the Royal Crescent, Circus and Paragon were burnt out along with the Assembly Rooms, while part of the south side of Queen Square was destroyed. All have since been reconstructed, and regeneration work is continuing. Since 2000, developments have included the Bath Spa, South Gate and the Bath Western Riverside project. Historically part of the county of Somerset, Bath was made a county borough in 1889 and hence independent of the newly created administrative Somerset county council. Bath became part of Avon when that non-metropolitan county was created in 1974. Since the abolition of Avon in 1996, Bath has been the main centre of the unitary authority of Bath and North East Somerset (BNES). Bath remains, however, in the ceremonial county of Somerset, though not within the administrative non-metropolitan county of Somerset. Spatial Integration of Bath City: The Spatial Integration of the Bath city will also be analysed with the help of city landuse assessment method and the changes in it with time and the spatial planning tools techniques, which are used for the integration of the city will be analysed. The Bath city is now days under a unitary authority Bath North East Somerset Council (BANES or BNES) which was created in 1st April, 1996. The total area under authority is 220 Sq. Miles and city of Bath is the principle settlement in the district. The Former Bath City Council prepared Local plan as a Statutory Local plan in accordance with the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, as amended by the Planning and Compensation Act 1991. The Plan guides development in the City of Bath up to 2001 with the co-ordination of public and private investment decisions. This Local Plan supersedes the Bath City Plan that was adopted by the City Council in June 1990. But after objections, ratifications modifications at different stages, On 12 June 1996 a letter was received by the Council from the Government Office for the South West on behalf of the Secretary of State for the Environment stating that the Bath Local Plan was now in accordance with the Direction which was henceforth lifted. The Council issued its Notice of Adoption of the Bath Local Plan on 20 June 1996. Bath and North East Somerset Council adopted this Plan on 20th June 1996 and it now forms part of the statutory Development Plan for the new Authority. The Plan was, however, progressed through all the formal procedures outlined above by the former City Council, and it has been considered appropriate to retain the text which was the subject of public consultation and examination, including references to the City Council. These references will serve as a reminder that the Policies are applicable only within the City of Bath, but it should be understood that in most instances the Council referred to is that of Bath and North East Somerset. However a High Court Challenge in August 1996 resulted in Bath and North East Somerset Council having to re-adopt the Plan on 19 June 1997. The Bath and North East Somerset (BANES) council prepared a Local plan which is adopted in October 2007; establish a robust policy framework to provide clarity for all those involved in the development process. The Local Plan includes other spatial planning tools techniques like Public consultations, Government Guidance, the Joint Replacement Structure Plan, the Council`s Local Transport Plan the Strategies of the Council (Community Strategy, National and Regional Planning Guidance) and other organisations etc. The Local plan sets out the key objectives for the development of policies in different aspects: Living and Working (Social Inclusion, Resources, Housing, Economy, Urban Rural Areas, Shopping, and Services Leisure), Environmental Assets and Transport Access etc. Housing: Housing Affordability: The Housing section assesses the housing situation of the City of Bath. If we look at the housing scenario of the city, the affordability of housing is least in City of Bath as compared to whole of the district. The following figures represents as: Source: So many people are migrating due to high cost of living in the City of Bath. This is leading to recruitment difficulties and skill shortages which could have a knock-on effect on the local economy. The need for affordable housing (per year) is also much in Bath city as compare to the other areas in the district. The following figures represent it as: Source: The land supply for housing development is also limited in the City of Bath. This places considerable pressure for development both on sites allocated for housing and on other sites in the City to meet the demand for housing. Problems/Issues in City of Bath: In the listed Georgian properties in Bath can resulted in an additional challenges and improvement works due to large number of high risk houses in multiple occupations. Due to the relatively high property values in Bath, the refurbishment of converted buildings often results in higher rents being charged and people are moving off to City of Bath. The problem of decent housing type is also major concern in the private rented sector which is mostly occupied by university students. It includes the Abbey ward in Bath City and Bathavon wards surrounding city. The current and future needs of older residents are generally exceeds then Government funding allocations in housing schemes. Traffic and Transportation: The city of Bath is a small complex city as compared to other cities and it has well defined activities like commercial areas and employment areas. The various sectors of its transportation systems are like parking facilities and public transport services are not only interdependent but all are affected by the other activities and decisions made for them e.g. new developments to meet the housing objectives, conservation of the historic buildings or streets etc. The traffic management system came into force since 1970 rather than building only new roads in the city and at boundaries. The main problem of the City of Bath is the congestion within the city by through traffic because most of the traffic in city has an origin and destination in the city. The following figures show the mode of transport in the City of Bath to travel to work as: The table above represents that the all the residents which are living and working in Bath or outside the city and vice-versa, are mostly dependent upon their own vehicles especially car is the most common mode of travel. But in case of comparison with other area in the district and national level, the figures in following table represents that the residents within Bath are more dependent upon private mode of transport i.e car or on the walk which is much higher as compared to other areas at National level but more interesting point is that the City of Bath has percentage of residents who has no car as compared to other areas and National level. These figures clearly show that the private mode of transport is creating congestion in the City of Bath and through traffic generated by them. Parking and pedestrian safety are also important issues in the City of Bath. Problems/Issues in City of Bath: Traffic problems have been a dominant issue in planning for Bath but the development of new major road schemes within the City is no longer seen as a solution. The emphasis now is on careful management of traffic and the integration of policies for use of land in order to make the best use of existing road space and minimise the congestion, pollution and danger caused by vehicles. The road and rail network are at capacity and congestion across the area is a problem in terms of journey times and public transport travel times, a key impediment to maintaining a healthy economy. Congestion is also affecting air quality and in areas of Bath City Centre air pollution has reached levels that are higher than the Government recommended acceptable limits. The lack of parking spaces and their capacity is also an important issue and recent studies have indicated that there is a greater need for pedestrian management schemes, such as improved signing of information etc, and areas given over to pedestrian priority. Heritage Management: The city is internationally known for its Roman and Georgian heritage and archaeology, its culture as a spa that stretches back over two thousand years, the innovative architecture and town planning, and the harmony between the city and the landscape. The city of Bath was declared as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1987 for its unique and outstanding universal value for its Historic character. The city is a blend of history and modern life, continually changing, growing and adapting to modern requirements which attracts approximately 3.7 million tourists each year and lies on strategic road rail transport routes. The City of Bath has a close relationship between the success of modern city and heritage due to the wide range of business, industries and regional centre for employment, shopping and entertainment etc. The City of Bath (World Heritage Site) is vulnerable to change and growth with the time, but this is both inevitable and desirable in a living city. There are threats to the fabric and character of the World Heritage Site and its setting, and uncontrolled or inappropriate change in these areas can become a threat to the very values for which Bath is inscribed as a World Heritage Site. So even to tackle these kinds of situations, the local authorities were much concerned about them. They identified various issues related with the World Heritage Site its management etc. But along with these threats and vulnerabilities, the City of Bath has also many opportunities as a World Heritage Site which are helpful in many ways to the City of Bath. To address those threats and vulnerabilities, incorporating opportunities, The BNES and English Heritage prepared a World Heritage Site Management Plan for the City of Bath for the period of 2003-2009. They have identified various issues which are described as: Problems/Issues in City of Bath: Due to the scale and complexity of site, numbers of people are involved in the management, ownership and cultural assets. So its really an important from management point of view which requires the coordination of a large number of disciplines and agencies The protection of World Heritage Site is achieved only through the planning system of plans and designations so for the appropriate protection, and according to World Heritage Site criteria, a appropriate legal system is required because there are number of actions like risk assessment, mitigation awareness campaigns etc which are necessary for the appropriate protection of World Heritage Site. There are number of planning applications involved in the whole process as general due to the complexity of the site and the number of listed buildings. There are number of new developments on the outskirts of the city which may or are degrade the historic fabric of the World Heritage Site which gives an authenticity and outstanding universal values to the site. So there is a need of development controls in and around the city keeping in mind the character of the city. In the recent times, the condition of contemporary architecture is not good with the test of time other physical changes in climate, due to which it doesnt match with the historic architecture of the city. So its more challenging from integration of contemporary design into a historic environment.

My Parents Were Members of a Cult †This is My Story :: Personal Narrative Writing

My Parents Were Members of a Cult – This is My Story There, in the far corner of the room, crouched a little girl. She had sad, brown eyes that were welling over with enormous tear drops. Whats wrong? I asked soothingly. Her only response was a sniffle as if she didn't hear. I couldn't reach her; I didn't know how. Frantically, I began screaming and yelling, waving my arms violently in the air. Why wouldn't she look at me? What was wrong with this child? My parents were divorced when I was only two. I was too young to realize what had happened. Their separation had little effect on me at the time, but I would later realize how much this had hurt me. I was left to live with my mother and my older sister. Within a few years, my mom met a man named Arthur. He was a musician. They began seeing a lot of each other and eventually decided to tie the knot. I dressed in pink with pig tails holding my golden locks back from my face. I looked like an angel, but behind this angelic face was pain and suffering that would eventually surface as a teenager. "This little piggy ran all the way home!," teased my new step-father as he tickled me. It didn't take long to warm up to this guy. Being so young, I don't think I realized that he wasn't my father. I was a kid, nothing affected me so when my mother stopped coming home at night, I didn't worry. Church became a regular routine at the Drummond household. Prayer in the morning, at night, chapters and chapters of the Bible, speaking in tongues, the Holy Spirit. These were things that we became accustomed to. I would hear my mother speaking in tongues. To me, it sounded like a foreign language. I could never understand what she was saying. It was almost scary to see my mother screaming these strange words, but I eventually got use to it. Day after day, I started seeing less and less of my mother. She and my stepfather devoted all of their time to the church. It was called "Christ Church in Action." Before long, we were packing our bags and heading to Smithfield. It was a place I had never heard of, but would later learn to love. We moved so that we could be closer to the church.

Partial Birth Abortion is Murder Essay -- Argument Argumentative Persu

Partial Birth Abortion is Murder Partial birth abortion is a controversial method of abortion late in a woman’s pregnancy in which the baby is aborted by a craniotomy. Two organizations are commonly affiliated with abortion: Pro-choice supports abortion saying that what is in a woman’s body is her â€Å"property†, while Pro-life believes it is murder of innocent babies. Partial birth abortion is murder of innocent children and an abomination to basic human rights and values. Thesis Statement: Partial birth abortion is murder of innocent babies and an abomination to basic human rights and values. I. The differing sides on Intact D&X are distinctly opposite A. Pro-choice supports abortions 1. Done 650 times a year and only when the mother’s life is endangered or the child is deformed 2. Says the public is mistaken in its knowledge of Intact Dilation and Extraction B. Pro-life doesn’t support abortions of any kind 1. Backed by medical experts it is claimed that 80% of partial birth abortions are purely elective 2. Believes the baby is a living human being and deserves the rights of a human II. There are benefits and harmful consequences to P.B.A. A. Many abortionists claim that the benefits far out way the consequences 1. It is safer, quicker, and easier 2. Intact D&X is less traumatic to the mother B. There are also many harmful effects 1. Risk of uterine and breast cancer is increased 2. Rates of depression also increase III. The issue of partial birth abortion has come into our courtrooms A. Congress made its first attempt to ban P.B.A in 1996 1.Brenda Shafer R.N. testified to what she saw in abortion clinic 2. Congress passed the ban, but President Clinton vetoed the bill B. The second attempt was made in 1997 1. Passed Congress again 2. President Clinton vetoed the bill Imagine being in excruciating pain from a gaping hole in the back of your neck. Then you hear a slight â€Å"whirr† before your brains are sucked out through a tiny tube. Sadly this happens to many babies each day because they are unwanted, inconvenient, or imperfect. The abortionist first delivers the baby breech style except for the head, scissors are then jammed into the head at the base of the skull, and the brains sucked out, the skull then collapses. This procedure is commonly known as partial birth abortion or Intact Dilation and E... ...ference of a couple weeks, and even just a few days separates the abortionist from a murderer, and the procedure from Infanticide. We need to take strong action against not only partial birth abortion, but also abortions of any kind by writing our representatives and senators. References Information Page on Abortion. Retrieved October 17, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://web.tusco.net/newone/abortion2.htm Partial Birth Abortion (1996). Retrieved October 17, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://www.jeremiahproject.com/prophecy/partbirthabort.html Shafer, B. P. (1996, March 21). Hearing on the Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act (HR 1833). Retrieved October 23, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://www.priestsforlife.org/testimony.html Sprang and Neerhof (1998, August 26). Rationale for Banning Abortions Late in Pregnancy. American Medical Association 280 744-747. Retrieved October 19, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://www.partialbirthabortion.org/welcome/what_is.html Sykes, M. (2000). ‘Late Term’ Confusion, ‘Partial Birth’ Lies. Retrieved October 23, 2000 from the World Wide Web:http://prochoice.about.com/newissues/prochoice/library/bllatetermlies.htm

Los Clorofluorocarbonados (CFCs) :: Ensayos Reportes Escolares

Los Clorofluorocarbonados (CFCs) Los Clorofluorocarbonados (CFC) y sus derivados tienen como fuentes principales algunos productos industriales, y los à ³xidos de nitrà ³geno, que se producen por multitud de causas, principalmente por la quema de combustibles fà ³siles y la utilizacià ³n de fertilizantes quà ­micos. La produccià ³n de cloro-fluoro-carbonos [CFCs] contribuye con aproximadamente el 14% del efecto invernadero. Los CFCs son sustancias quà ­micas sintà ©ticas, formadas por cloro, flà ºor y carbono. Las molà ©culas de CFC tienen una larga vida activa. El CFC-1 1 es activo durante unos 65 aà ±os y el CFC-12 durante unos 110 arios. Cada molà ©cula de CFC-11 y de CFC-12 contribuye 3.500 y 7.300 veces mà ¡s, respectivamente, al efecto invernadero que cada molà ©cula de C02. Los CFCs tambià ©n destruyen la capa de ozono en la estratosfera, causando que una mayor proporcià ³n de rayos ultravioleta alcance la superficie de la tierra. Una mayor incidencia de rayos ultravioleta tendrà ­a importantes efectos tanto en la agricultura como en la salud humana. E1 cà ¡ncer en la piel, los problemas oculares, y las afecciones al sistema inmunolà ³gico, son las amenazas mà ¡s inminentes sobre la salud de la poblacià ³n humana. Podrà ­an tambià ©n presentarse efectos adversos sobre las algas y el plancton, bases de la cadena alimentaria en el mar CONTAMINACIÓN ATMOSFÉRICA > Eliminacià ³n de los CFC de los inhaladores - dosificadores 1) OBJETIVO Elaborar una estrategia comunitaria para la eliminacià ³n de los clorofluorocarbonos (CFC) de los inhaladores - dosificadores. 2) MEDIDA DE LA COMUNIDAD Comunicacià ³n de la Comisià ³n al Parlamento Europeo y al Consejo de 23 de octubre de 1998: Eliminacià ³n progresiva de los CFC de los inhaladores - dosificadores. 3) CONTENIDO Los CFC forman parte de las sustancias que debilitan la capa de ozono y cuya produccià ³n y consumo se prohibieron en la Comunidad en 1995. No obstante, siguen utilizà ¡ndose en los inhaladores - dosificadores destinados al tratamiento del asma y de las bronconeumopatà ­as crà ³nicas obstructivas (BPCO) en virtud de las excepciones previstas en el Protocolo de Montreal y en el Reglamento (CE) n º 3093/94 para sus usos esenciales. En la decisià ³n IX/19 del Protocolo de Montreal, la Comunidad Europea y las demà ¡s Partes del Protocolo acordaron presentar, antes del 31 de enero de 1999, una estrategia de transicià ³n para la eliminacià ³n de los CFC de los inhaladores - dosificadores. La Comisià ³n cumple con tal compromiso mediante la adopcià ³n de esta Comunicacià ³n, que recomienda medidas que deberà ­an adoptar los Estados miembros para facilitar la transicià ³n hacia tratamientos del asma sin CFC preservando la salud y la seguridad de los pacientes.

Queen vs. Dudley and Stephens; opening statement

Before I begin, I want to remind you that this is the court of law. In this country, the law states that any person who deliberately takes the life of another is guilty of murder. There is no question as to who took the life of Brooks, a man with families and loved ones waiting for him to return from sea. The murderers sit in the seats of the defendants today. Thomas Dudley and Edward Stephens had deliberately took the life of Mr.. Brooks in his most defenseless state, therefore breaking the law and deserve their rightful punishment.Here they are today, trying to excuse themselves from this devilish act. On July 5th, 1 884, a day no different others, Brooks, Dudley and Stephens was caught in a storm on the high seas 1600 miles from land. This bought them onto an isolated island with only two tins of turnip and no tools. They were trapped on the island for a total of thirty days. In the first 12 days, the turnips was consumed, along with a turtle they caught. For the next eight days, they had no nourishment except for rain water and urine. By the 25th day, everyone was starving and weak.It was agreed upon that they will draw straws and the loser will be eaten. At this point, is crucial to remember that this contract does not work in court for several reasons. One of which is that a oral contract cannot be used as evidence in court because it is not concrete evidence. Another reason is that any contract, oral or written, based on an illegal purpose, in this case, homicide, does not and will not work In court. The next day, Brooks lost the drawing, but refuses to be eaten, Like any other normal human beings would.Hearing this, Dudley and Stephens agreed to kill and eat Brooks because â€Å"he would die anyways†. Using this obscene reason, they murdered him and fed on him. Five days later, they were rescued. And here they sit before us today, pleading to be excused. Their defense attorney will tell you a story coated with loaded what-ifs. â€Å"What if you were Dudley and Stephens? â€Å", â€Å"what if you were as hungry as they were? â€Å", â€Å"what if eating Brooks was your only choice? â€Å". I have a what-elf of my own, too. What If you were Brooks?Would you agree to the awful fate of Ewing killed and eaten? The biggest fear In human Is death, no one In their right minds would want to die, especially in a way as gruesome as this. Let us stop and think about the question â€Å"what if eating Brooks was your only choicer. In the English Law, the defense of necessity only applies when the harm the defendant sought to avoid outweighs the danger of the prohibited conduct he is charged with or if there Is no reasonable alternative. Let's re-examine the story. Dudley and Stephens killed Brooks to save themselves.One way to look at this Is that two lives are saved for the sacrifice of one, but there was no way to be sure that they'd still starve after eating Brooks. So the starvation they are trying to avoid by killing Brooks w ould only satisfy for the time being. In other words, the harm they are trying to avoid does not out-weight the crime of murder because murdering Brooks does not ensure that they will not face the threat of starvation again. Next, there was Cannibalism is frowned upon but it is not illegal like homicide.Also, while there was mom degree of necessity arising from the threat of starvation, a ship could have sailed over the horizon to save them any moment. As, indeed, the two were rescued. Since they could never be sure that the killing was actually necessary from one minute to the next, this defense does not work. Finally, there's the question of insanity. To be insane is to something without the knowledge of right and wrong and not being in control of one's body and mind. Wrong in this case stands for legally wrong, and not morally wrong.They obviously new what they did was wrong or they wouldn't have felt guilty enough to admit to it. They knew they would starve to death if they didn 't eat Brooks, which is a sign of thinking and reasoning; and according to their statements, they made an agreement to kill Brooks and eat him, which meant they were in total control of their body and mind prior to and during murdering Brooks. Their actions were morally and lawfully wrong. I am here today to request that they be hanged for their actions in the name of Justice. Thank you.

International Communication Focusing on Fifa 2014

Vuvuzelas serious and it fills the pipe bowls with a noise that is still comprehend ringing in the ears of millions sidereal twenty- quatern hourss later, charge months after it has ended. The overwhelming feeling of unrest spreads done the veins of every superstar honoring and those on the saltation of their seats just waiting for the adjoining polish to be scored, de barrierining who wins the globe instill and paying backs fundament the famous fortunate FIFA gentlemans gentleman cup Trophy. The gentlemans gentleman loving cup is a tourney that comes every quaternity social straighten pops and lasts a month persistent with tournaments every day from June 13th- July 13th The sour come onledge do main(prenominal) cupful brings in a whirlwind of excitement and emotions.This victorious concomitant result be held in brazil nut in the grade of 2014 unless beforehand June 13th hits, at that point is a massive amount of think to be d nonpareil. With entirely the groomings leading up to the human transfuse we pull up s begins acquire the trials and tribulations through the eye of four locals in Rio de Janeiro. First, we ordain film one socio-economic class before hand and flummox usual vitality without the institution transfuse. We testament take a look for at how brazilians live(a) their lives on a day to day basis without the chaos and media attention of the take downt.We pass on do this by by-line four individuals, inter assessmenting them about how they feel about the human beings shape and how it is affecting their daily routine. Our countenance round of filming volition come out our crews with the same four peole on the day of the initial game in Rio de Janeiro. The humanity instill takes the world by encounter every four days. season in the States, association footb on the whole t anile has just recently gained a larger honoring, it has been a way of sustenance for generations in app roximately countries passim the world. We bathroom secern with this phenomenon fewerwhat if we relate it to the adjoin of the Olympics when they were held in Atlanta, Georgia in 1996.An essence of this scale becomes all-consuming and frames the urban center and outlandish be baseborn a universal microscope. The bea cup produces a whirlwind of excitement with years of root word hammer that costs and generates millions of dollars. Many merriments in America feature a strong get hitched deep downg and raw sienna-base, only if nothing sens actually be comp ard to that of association football overseas. Countries such as Mexico, Spain and brazil nut look at association football, its players, and the games, as a way of spiritedness. brazil nut curiously has been known for its talented and noted association football (futebol) squad throughout the years and they discombobulate won five existence shapes.From the removed looking in, brazil has been known as one of the powerhouses, if not the powerhouse of association football worldwide. The fact that FIFA and all of the other brass and deciding bodies postulate chosen to place the world transfuse 2014 in brazil-nut tree generates further excitement, more thanover in addition places this re acquainted(predicate) chthonian close watch from viewing earreach worldwide. As we saying with the world loving cup 2010 in South Africa, a coun puree buttocks be drastically alter and affected by such a large-scale vitrine. We indigence to earn this objective to shed light on the violations, trials and jubilance of such an incredible event.While many a(prenominal) a(prenominal) see the benefits of hosting such an event, in that location ar plenty of drawbacks as well uphead. We want to create an in-depth look of this phenomenon, the populace Cup, and show also how it affects the country that is producing the event. So a drove goes on back end the scenes and many live s ar impacted, whether negatively or positively. By come uping four real large number with everyday jobs and average, regulation lives, we hope to in spirt the existence of the on-goings of the preparation for the adult male Cup, as well as how individual lives be impacted. We want to sweep up four people a shred scalper, guard officer, a lover and a passageway vender.Through this we hope to attain a more(prenominal) individual(prenominal) view of such an immensely grand event. We want to inform the public of the preparations involved in the public Cup as well as the madness that ensues once it all begins. We entrust chronicle this massive worldwide soccer tournament through the eyes of normal everyday Rio de Janeiro citizens in the prove to show a real- intent perspective of a fantastical and media-centric event. While in that respect are documentaries aplenty, ours is rum in that it shows the impact on a country and its citizens, something many viewers of the earth Cup never consider.By creating a personal and impactful narrative that comments on economic repercussions, fieldism and pride, we hope to salute to viewers who want to see a cultural view of soccer that has never before been created. Nicknamed Cidade Maravilhosa Portuguese for marvelous city Rio de Janeiro conjures many images including Ipanema Beach and the famous Cristo Redentor statue atop Corcovado Mountain. But in 2014, one of the more or less important global loosenessing events, the World Cup, give arrive in Brazil where soccer or futebol as they know it is the lifeblood of the culture.After FIFA announced Brazil as the hosts of the 2014 World Cup on October 30, 2007, a different gear up of images would materialize for the creation of Rio de Janeiro. Once upon a era it was the set of the final match of the 19 50 World Cup in Maracana Stadium. Uruguay came from female genital organ to beat its host 2-1, even though Brazil was heavily favored after eliminati ng previous opponents Spain and Sweden. Since because, Rio de Janeiro has been home office to some of Brazils most popular soccer clubs Botafogo, Fluminense, Vasco da Gama and Flamengo.With a past and limn such as this, tensions and stayations bequeath doubtlessly be high school, especially where soccer is so inter-meshed with their culture. Choosing to film in Rio de Janeiro provide receive much of this drama associated with the World Cup as we follow our four qualifieds the law officer, the fan, the street vendor and the fine scalper. In general, we want to clutch the area surround Maracana Stadium as our locus of interest, but this isnt ineluctably hardheaded. The subjects have charactericipating lives each and every day, especially as the World Cup draws closer, so it whitethorn be difficult to quell under the shadow of the venue.As each subject travels through different areas of the city, the photographic camera crews will have to make vital judgment calls ab out when to uncap the lens. Our film crews can expect to capture the outstrip footage in some of Rio de Janeiros most exciting sites. The city is known for its soccer, tourism, night life and beaches, but we will want to focus on the atomic number 7 Zone. It contains several neighborhoods and important touring car attractions, including our primary filming location, Maracana Stadium, which is located in the Tijuca neighborhood.It is home to many of the middle class residents and also the lower class favelas, which are offensive-ridden neighborhoods filled with poorly built shanties. Our police officer will certainly be answering calls from this poor section of Rio de Janeiro where our ticket scalper is a resident. Our street vendor and soccer fan will also be residents of the Rio northwestward Zone. It is at that place in the northwestward Zone that we will want to follow each of our quotations into their homes. Once inside their homes, our camera crews can film the set up of the World Cup on the Brazilian vexation firm unit.We will discover just how the home family life is transformed both demographically and psycho-graphically. Questions can be answered such as a) Has overbold disposable income, as provided by the World Cups economic opportunities, increase the familys alkaliard of living? b) Has Brazilian pride in its national sportsman entered the home life? c) Has the importance of home security changed due to the hysteria associated with the World Cup? Once these questions are answered, a more complete view of the reference work is revealed and analyzed by the audience. Another set of important sites will be public centers for transportation.The primary modes of transportation are by municipal train and bus lines since thrust by car is very difficult. cod to a great deal of main road congestion, cars often move at a snail- wish pace. Important themes will manifest themselves as we travel to and from each location. These places, which are unremarkably replete with a colorful culture, will be amplified in the presence of the World Cup. The accusative will actively unite the dots between Brazils national pride and their national sport at these various locations. The Maracana Stadium will be the most important site. in that location we will capture each of our characters paths intersecting planetary and inside the venue. The fan will seemingly be destined for the stadium itself the street vendor will set up shop as close to the stadium as assertable so as to snag the most consumers as possible and the policeman will have critical interactions with the ticket scalper, who will be playing against the law. Many memorable characters exist in a infotainment just alike any other genre of film. The goal is to capture reality but there is no need to move by from the act of story telling.The idea behind the characters of our documentary is that they are all connected through each other by the duties they perform thr oughout the documentary.. Our first character to appear is the police officer. Juan Sminho is 38 and flora for the Rio de Janeiro tourist police. He performs regular policing in the streets of Rio by assisting tourists and pointing them in the appropriate concern to where they are headed. Juan also performs similar duties to what the unite states police force does but he is not as involved with crime as our police forces are. He lives on the north side in a two bedroom apartment with his married woman and brother.He does not come from a wealthy family but did inherit some from his parents when they were murdered 10 years past in a robbing which pushed him to become part of the Brazil police force to keep things like that from happening to other families. He will show the audience what it is like in everyday life as a tourist officer, then there will be a striking change of pace a year later on the chaotic streets of Rio where his duties are truly put to the test with all the t ourist in town for the World Cup games. Juans duties will be to perform crowd control, assist tourists and stress out ticket scalpers this is a highly illegal offense in Brazil. well-nigh everyone has seen a ticket scalper before, but if not, they are the ones that stand on the corners of concert/sport venues and manage those last minute tickets require for the fans. fine scalping is very illegal in Brazil and punishable by poky time, but that does not stop our scalper from risking it all for some spare cash. We will follow Gustavo Silva, a thirty-four year old Rio native who has never left the North region. He works as a ticket scalper primarily, but during the slow months tries to make ends meet by supporting out at his parents modest fruit stand in the outskirts of Rio.The popularity of soccer as a sport, particularly in Brazil, directly effects his livelihood and well-being. Seeing Gustavo in his cistron both before and during the World Cup will create a energizing stor y for the viewers. Viewers will identify with Gustavos endearing and persuasive personality because of his hard- operative attitude. Ticket scalping just became illegal in Brazil, which is plainly a threat for Gustavo. The documentary will show the discrepancies in this law as it is not seriously enforced until the World Cup in 2014. The effects of this on Gustavo will prove to be detrimental.With gold being tight and having to find work wherever possible, some residents of Rio do not have a choice. Our aggroup has high hopes for our scalper that he will sell a ticket to our next character, the fan. What is a aggroup without its fans similar to a sandwich without dirty money. A sandwich does not exist without bread much like a team would be nowhere without fans. Soccer fans have been seen taking their fandom to the original, but the more extreme it is, the more the team feels honored and welcome. Brazil soccer fans are famous throughout the world for their enthusiasm and carni val nimbus at the World Cup.Many soccer managers will often claim that soccer fans can act as an extra man or the infamous twelfth Man and this is certainly the case when Brazil plays in front of over 100,000 soccer fans at the famous Maracana Stadium. The fans are not always as supportive though, in fact, they can be rather harsh. This was shown when the team came home after the 2006 world cup without a win, according to Kevin McNally of E-zine Articles. We hope to capture all this excitement while quest round our dedicated fan, if Brazil loses then it is possible that our film gets even more interesting with the outrage that the country will have on them.Choosing a fan for our documentary was tough but we have found one who truly shows the animation needed to connect with our audience. Paulo Cardoso is originally from Rio and lived there until he was 18. Once old replete, he moved to the United States to attend college but soon wanted to return to his home country after gradu ating. Paulo is a stemma study but is currently working at his parents coffee shop as a manager to help them out. He is 28 and has been an desirous futebol fan since he was born, according to him.Every four years he gathers around the big screens in Rio to watch Brazil triumph, or try to, over their competitors. He will take us through the festivals in Rio including cull out Fest Rio 2014. His grandfather attended the World Cup in 1950 when it was last held in Brazil followed by the World Cup in 1978 held in Argentina and this time Paulos father went alongside. Paulo has been saving as much money as he can to be able to hold the tickets that so many others strive to have. He does not plan on buying a ticket before the games due to hopefully cheaper prices on game day.He will be a huge help on guiding us around Rio due to our unfamiliarity to the city. Paulo brings to the documentary the familiar language of English but with the Brazilian traditions that we could all stand to le arn from. He as well as many other fans will interact with many people but as always, he will buy some form of merchandise from a street vendor before the game. This will allow for our fan and street vendor to interact with one another. There will be a numerous amount of street vendors assay to sell anything they have that represents the world renowned Brazil Futebol Team.Our film crews will follow around one vendor who sets up shop close to the stadium in hopes of catching the most business. Gearing up for the World Cup takes a lot of preparation, which is why it is imperative that we catch her one year before hand before she starts ordering merchandise and preparing for the mass amounts of fans to inundate the city of Rio. Claudia Trigoso, 26, lives in the favelas in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro. Under normal caboodle Claudia deals with irregular employment due to his low socioeconomic standing, but the arrival of the World Cup will give her the hazard to transform her sit uation.She has applied to Eurosport catalog to sell some of their merchandise near Maracana stadium. Soon, with the proper licenses, she will be cleared by Rios municipal administrators to set up in this area. Claudia hopes she can make enough profit to start a business of her own after the World Cup and its excitement wane. With this in mind, she might someday have the opportunity to move out of the North Zone favelas into a safer, more affluent neighborhood where she hopes to start a family of her own.In addition to highlighting the changes from life before the World Cup to life uring the tournament from the perspective of our four main characters, our camera crew will hypothesis out into the streets and local pubs. Our crew will conduct first-hand interviews with everyday citizens to get a better grasp on the impact of the World Cup on the people of Rio. The filming crew will ingest the public questions pertaining to how the World Cup has economically impacted their businesses, their transportation around the city, and whether or not they will be watching or attending the World Cup. There are many components that go into reservation a documentary outside of the characters, locations and themes.While the overarching themes will make a large impact on our viewers, the intricate detail disbursed throughout the film will founder drastically to the overall feel of the documentary. end-to-end the documentary our characters and locations will be introduced using typewriter text as it is typed across a blank screen. The segments will not necessarily be rigidly formatted but the characters will be introduced as they fall into place in the documentary. Aside from the interviews included in our film it will primarily remain in the observational category of documentary film making.By taking a third-party neutral approach to the film the audience will get a realistic and personal view into the lives of the residents of Rio. Our documentary will target a large dem ographic due to the emotional and sports aspects as well as the excitement generated from the FIFA World Cup overall. We hope to target ages eighteen to fifty dollar bill by placing this sixty minute documentary on a major web such as ABC. We initially contemplated dispersal the documentary on ESPN because of its sports focus, but at last agreed that ABC would be the best choice.Not only is it a well-respected major network, but our aim is to capture the World Cup viewers for our documentary. By ventilation system Joga Bonito on the network that is already broadcasting all of the World Cup games, we will grab the attention of the avid soccer fans who will hopefully already be watching ABC (the World Cup games will be utilize as somewhat of a wind for our documentary). In order to generate even more viewers, we will air advertisements throughout the month of the World Cup tournament to create buzz and excitement. Throughout this month, the public will have plenty of time to he ar and read about our documentary.The documentary Joga Bonito will air as a prime-time special a few days before the World Cup finals. The title of our documentary, Joga Bonito, is meant to evoke the spirit and marrow of soccer and of Brazil. This term is Portuguese for The graceful Game which is commonly used to pull Association football, also known as futebol or soccer. When soccer was originally created and rules were formally established, it was referred to as The Simplest Game. This eventually evolved into The glorious Game, or Joga Bonito, when a famous Brazilian player named Pele named his biography The Beautiful Game.Because this term is now widely used when referring to the sport of soccer, and because of its roots and foundations in the country of Brazil, we saw Joga Bonito as a fit title for our documentary. Joga Bonito will, as antecedently stated, offer to its viewers a converse of national identity and the impact of the World Cup on the citizens of Brazil within the context of an emotional adventure through the streets of Rio. The juxtaposition of a personal look at the four characters and the mainstream international media event known as the World Cup will create a unique and powerful documentary.This concept bring ups to the masses because it addresses a worldwide event. Within this discourse, however, we visit the personal implications of such an event and the role of patriotism and pride within an international context. By contrasting life before the World Cup with life during one of the first games, the drastic cultural and societal changes that excrete in preparation of such an event will be highlighted. The emotional appeal of this documentary will intrigue viewers while informing them of international life and the results of an event that thrusts a nation into the international spotlight.